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AI should be judged in a real task: what information enters the system, which decision it helps make and which errors would be costly. This category connects models, assistants and tools to their data, operating conditions and human oversight. For an AI agent, text quality and action validity are separate checks. Useful evaluation follows the retrieved document, resource permissions, tool call and resulting effect. It also records correct refusals and human recovery, which disappear from averages limited to successful responses.
What to examine
Evaluate a use case with representative examples rather than a single demonstration.
Trace an assistant’s sources, answers, actions and human interventions.
Compare providers through data handling, operation, change management and exit options.
Compare versions on the same tasks, find local losses and make a decision supported by cases rather than an average.
Test retrieval, citations, caches and revocation so a document assistant respects each user’s permissions.
Bind human approval to a specific operation, limit its lifetime and account for effects already executed.
Separate parsing, schema checks, documentary evidence and business rules when turning documents into usable records.
Evaluate generated records before sharing them or using them to train a model.
Check omissions, numbers and reading order before transcription feeds search or decisions.
Bind claims to a document version and passage, then handle stale citations without rewriting history.
Useful questions
What should the system refuse or escalate?
How will a plausible but unsupported answer be detected?
Who can pause or change the use?
Which component changed?
Is a separate vector namespace enough?
Does Stop undo every action?
Can valid JSON contain an error?
Does synthetic mean anonymous?
Is a high score enough?
Does a citation found in the new version confirm the answer?
Illustrative decision example
Situation
Fictional example: these inputs describe no customer or observed result. A classifier improves its overall score but becomes worse at identifying requests needing urgent handling.
Check
Replay identical cases, retain results by request type and review critical errors using a common definition.
Act
Decide using severity, volume and recovery capability. The best average score is not automatically the best service choice.
A relevant corpus can contain adversarial instructions. Separate evidence for an answer from authority to act; check denial in the tool rather than only in the agent’s text.
Can a retrieved source trigger sending or changes outside the task?
Explore the methods
Read data · verify · decide
AI bias: examine who bears the errors
A global rate can hide weaker performance for a subgroup. Make counts, errors and consequences visible before calling a system fair.
Group A error rate
5%5 / 100 documents
Group B error rate
20%10 / 50 documents
Observed gap
15 points20% − 5%
Fictional teaching case — figures describe neither CIE nor a client.
Questions to support your decisions
Find answers and practical checks in the analyses in this category.
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A risk list is not a complete assessment. Input filtering alone does not establish authorisation for every action.
RAG: access rights, citations and caches
Compare AI architectures through their access boundaries
Beyond model choice, examine who retrieves documents, under which identity and with which caching policy. These decisions define separation tests between teams.
Identify each component seeing a passage or citation.
Replay the same question under several groups.
Check that a reading tool cannot become a sending tool.