Resources · 23

Prioritize vulnerabilities and verify remediation

Connect known exploitation, exposed assets, business impact and proof of a working fix.

· 9 min

Fictional cyber observatory with three trays separating advisories, inventory and remediation evidence, without people

What this guide helps achieve

  • Match alerts to assets
  • Rank actual urgency
  • Roll out safely
  • Verify and close

Quick check

  • Is the affected product and version actually deployed?
  • Is the asset reachable and business critical?
  • Is exploitation documented?
  • What protects the service before a patch?
  • Does a check confirm the problem is gone from the asset?

Step-by-step method

  1. 01

    Consolidate the inventory

    Map services, products, versions, environments, exposure and owners. A component advisory alone does not prove that a vulnerable instance is deployed.

    Deliverable: dated affected-asset list and uncertainties.

  2. 02

    Qualify the finding

    Compare the vendor advisory, CVE identifier, exploitation conditions and, where relevant, CISA’s catalog of known exploited vulnerabilities. Record when each source was checked.

    Deliverable: finding with primary references.

  3. 03

    Set a defensible priority

    Consider known exploitation, asset reachability, required privileges, data handled, service impact and available remediation. Assign an owner and context-specific deadline.

    Deliverable: reasoned priority decision.

  4. 04

    Prepare the change

    Map dependencies, change window, backup and rollback. If an update cannot be applied promptly, record the temporary control and its expiry.

    Deliverable: rollout plan and limited exception.

  5. 05

    Deploy and test

    Apply the vendor fix or mitigation using the approved process. Check the resulting version, business journey and integrations that may regress.

    Deliverable: deployment record and functional result.

  6. 06

    Verify closure

    Check the actual asset with a suitable method, find missed instances and revisit exceptions. Do not close a ticket because an update was merely scheduled.

    Deliverable: verification evidence and updated register.

Management indicators

IndicatorWhat it measuresFirst action
CoverageCritical assets with known versions and ownersComplete the inventory
DelayTime from qualification to verified fixRemove repeated bottlenecks
VerificationFixes retested on real assetsReopen closures without evidence
ExceptionsWaivers with control, owner and expiryClose expired exceptions

Common pitfalls

  • Ranking solely by a generic score without checking the asset
  • Assuming a KEV listing means the product exists in your estate
  • Deploying without testing service behaviour
  • Leaving compensating controls without a review date

Frequently asked questions

Must the highest-scored CVE always go first?

A score describes technical severity; known exploitation, exposure and local service impact guide your operational order.

What if no patch exists?

Follow vendor mitigations, reduce exposure where possible and document an owner, review date and residual risk.

When is the work closed?

After the version or mitigation has been verified on affected instances and critical functionality has been tested.

References: data, uses and limitations

Documentation reviewed on .

Vulnerability: three complementary viewsCVE · Identify. CVSS · Technical severity. EPSS · Probability. KEV · Known exploitation. Affected version and product. Score from 0.0 to 10.0. 30-day horizon. Official CISA catalogue. Local decision: exposure, impact, evidence and remediation checks.Vulnerability: three complementary viewsCVE · IdentifyAffected version and productCVSS · Technical severityScore from 0.0 to 10.0EPSS · Probability30-day horizonKEV · Known exploitationOfficial CISA catalogueLocal decision: exposure, impact, evidence and remediation checks
Vulnerability: three complementary views
References: data, uses and limitations
Source and purposeVerified data or benchmarkHow to use itLimitation to retain
FIRST · CVSS

Describe technical vulnerability severity using an explicit method and vector.

CVSS 4.0 scores run from 0.0 to 10.0. Base, Threat, Environmental and Supplemental metric groups serve different purposes. Retain the score version, vector and date. Compare it with the installed version, access paths and business consequences before ordering remediation.

Explore the method →

A high score is not evidence of exploitation; a low score does not mean a service has no risk.
FIRST · EPSS

Estimate exploitation probability for a published CVE.

The model looks ahead 30 days. Its score is a probability; its percentile ranks that score relative to other CVEs. Record the data date and distinguish probability from percentile. Add asset exposure and confirmed exploitation evidence.

Explore the method →

The model does not predict harm to your organisation. Low probability does not cancel a critical exposure.
CISA · Known Exploited Vulnerabilities

Identify vulnerabilities listed by CISA as known to be exploited.

The catalogue includes CVE, product, date added and required action. Its official repository also provides the data schema. Check applicability to your products and retain the access date. Review the requested action and vendor advisory before confirming remediation.

Explore the method →

Absence from the catalogue does not establish safety. Administrative deadlines in it are not automatically binding on every organisation.

CVSS, EPSS, KEV and VEX

Vulnerability prioritisation: four signals to connect to the asset

A vulnerability queue often mixes information answering different questions. CVSS describes technical severity, EPSS estimates a probability of observed exploitation, KEV records known exploitation and VEX carries a product applicability assertion. A local decision still needs the deployed version, access paths and consequences of exploitation.

These are documentary reference points. EPSS examples, situations and the VEX product are fictional; no current CVE score, real inventory or scan result is presented. This page calculates neither CVSS, organisational risk nor an automatic priority. Proposed evidence and decisions are a local editorial method.

Four distinct signals for a local decision
Four distinct signals for a local decision Four independent panels: CVSS describes severity; EPSS estimates observed exploitation within thirty days; KEV records known exploitation; VEX states declared applicability. Compare them with the deployed product and its context without adding them into one score. CVSS · Severity Metrics and vector Version and author EPSS · Probability Thirty-day horizon Separate date and rank KEV · Known exploitation Product and requested action Catalogue edition VEX · Applicability Issuer, product and time Status and justification Local decision: deployed asset, exposure, consequences, owner and evidence.

Four independent panels: CVSS describes severity; EPSS estimates observed exploitation within thirty days; KEV records known exploitation; VEX states declared applicability. Compare them with the deployed product and its context without adding them into one score.

Four questions and four kinds of information

Four questions and four kinds of information
SourceUseful questionWhat it cannot establish alone
CVSS 4.0What is the technical severity under the assessed metrics?The score proves neither exploitation nor consequences for your service.
EPSSWhat is the estimated probability of observing exploitation of this CVE in the next thirty days?It does not describe compromise of your instance, its controls or business loss.
CISA KEVIs the vulnerability listed as known to be exploited?Listing does not establish that the product exists in your estate; absence does not establish safety.
VEXWhat does an issuer assert about a vulnerability for identified products at a stated time?An assertion alone proves neither deployment of the relevant version nor issuer trustworthiness.

CVSS 4.0: preserve groups, vector and assessment author

A number from 0 to 10 loses meaning when its version, vector and assessed groups disappear. FIRST distinguishes CVSS-B, CVSS-BT, CVSS-BE and CVSS-BTE. Undefined Threat and Environmental metrics take default values rather than disappearing from the calculation.

CVSS 4.0: preserve groups, vector and assessment author
GroupRoleReading check
BaseIntrinsic vulnerability characteristics.A supplier’s CVSS-B is not your priority decision.
ThreatThreat characteristics that can change over time.Date the assessment and explain exploitation information used.
EnvironmentalCharacteristics specific to the consumer’s environment.State the controls and system importance considered rather than silently changing a score.
SupplementalAdditional context, such as Safety or Recovery.These metrics do not modify the final CVSS score; they may inform a separate local analysis.

EPSS: probability, percentile and missing data

FIRST describes a probability from 0 to 1, updated daily, over a thirty-day horizon. The percentile is a relative rank among currently scored vulnerabilities. Do not add probability and percentile or turn their pair into the probability of an attack on your organisation.

EPSS: probability, percentile and missing data
Fictional exampleProvided valuesCorrect reading
A probabilityProbability : 0.05 · Percentile : Unspecified0.05 means a 5% estimated probability of observed exploitation within the model horizon, rather than an estate compromise rate.
Probability and rankProbability : 0.02 · Percentile : 0.97In this fictional example 0.02 means 2%, while 0.97 places the score at the 97th percentile. The rank does not turn a 2% probability into 97%.
No received valueProbability : Unspecified · Percentile : UnspecifiedMissing data remains unknown; it is neither zero nor evidence of no exploitation. Record the failure or the date of the last available value.

Seven useful readings of the KEV schema

The official CISA repository schema describes the catalogue and its entries. The following selection helps retain consultation context rather than enumerate every field. Match each entry to the supplier advisory and actual asset.

Seven useful readings of the KEV schema
FieldsMeaningProposed check
catalogVersion / dateReleasedCatalogue version and publication time.Keep a reference to the consulted edition; distinguish publication time from your assessment time.
cveID / vendorProject / productIdentifier and product associated with the entry.Match name, version, distribution and embedded components before declaring an asset affected.
dateAddedDate the vulnerability entered the catalogue.Do not present it as the first exploitation date or CVE publication date.
requiredActionRequested action to address the vulnerability.Read the complete instruction and supplier references, then document local implementation.
dueDateCatalogue deadline for the requested action.Check the context and scope of the CISA instruction before adopting it as a local deadline.
knownRansomwareCampaignUseKnown indicates confirmed ransomware campaign use; Unknown means CISA lacks confirmation.Do not translate Unknown into never used or a definite false value.
cwesWeakness category codes associated with the entry.Use categories to group causes; they do not replace the CVE identifier or affected version.

Six fictional situations: what is missing before a decision?

High severity, product not located

An advisory reports high severity; the inventory cannot locate that version in the estate.

Confirm presence and version with the owner, including embedded dependencies.

Retain applicability unknown. Absence from an incomplete inventory does not justify closure.

Known exploitation, exposed instance

The vulnerability is listed as known to be exploited and an owner confirms an affected internet-accessible instance.

Review supplier actions and arrange exposure reduction and remediation suited to the service.

Name the owner, interim control and expected verification evidence; a severity score alone supplies none of this traceability.

Low probability, essential service

The fictional EPSS probability is low, but the affected instance supports an essential service.

Assess consequences and access paths before agreeing a change window.

Do not treat a low score as insurance; that instance’s controls are not contextual inputs to EPSS.

VEX for another version

The supplier declares version 2.4.0 not affected; the asset still runs 2.3.0.

Seek an assertion applicable to the installed version and verify its provenance.

Do not extend a conclusion across versions. A VEX document deploys no update.

Temporary control becomes permanent

A temporary rule reduces access; its review date has passed.

Check that it still protects the relevant path, then decide whether to maintain it or apply the fix.

Keep the owner, limits and a new review date. A perimeter control is not automatically an OpenVEX built-in product mitigation.

Patch announced, deployment unverified

A fixed release is available, but the ticket contains only a download link.

Check the version actually deployed, remaining instances and critical functionality.

Close on implementation and verification evidence, rather than the supplier’s availability of a patch.

Eight records for a traceable remediation decision

  • Product, version or build, environment and asset owner.
  • Vulnerability identifier, supplier advisory and relevant exploitation conditions.
  • CVSS version, vector, metric-group nomenclature and assessment author.
  • EPSS date, probability and percentile in separate fields, or an explicit missing value.
  • Dated KEV status, requested action and consulted catalogue edition.
  • Applicable VEX assertion: issuer, product, version, time and any justification.
  • Reasoned local decision, interim control, owner and review date.
  • Deployment or mitigation evidence, verification result and remaining limits.

Read VEX statuses and applicability conditions →

Primary sources and scope

Sources checked on

Build signatures and provenance

Verify patch origin and then its application

A fixed version needs connecting to the received package and updated instance. Provenance verification helps establish expected origin; remediation confirmation still requires checking the active version and relevant behaviour.

  • Keep the accepted patch digest and signature/provenance verification results.
  • Match that package to the version actually deployed on each targeted instance.
  • Do not close on authenticity alone: document remediation checks, regressions and remaining limits.

Read the pre-deployment provenance reference →

Sources checked on · SLSA 1.2 · Build: Verifying artifacts · SLSA 1.2 · Build: Provenance · SLSA 1.2 · Build: Track Basics · in-toto · Statement v1 · Sigstore · Verifying Signatures

Explore the CISA KEV catalogue

KEV is CISA’s catalogue of vulnerabilities known to be exploited. This explorer contains a complete dated snapshot, not a live feed. A CVE or product-name match is a lead to compare with the exact deployed product and version; it does not prove that a visitor’s system is vulnerable or compromised.

Entry names, products, descriptions, required actions and links retain CISA’s language and values. Explanations are editorial. Entries may be added or corrected after this snapshot; consult the official source before an operational decision.

Entries
1769
Distinct vendor/project labels
291
Catalogue release date

Counters describe this snapshot only. They do not measure attack counts, vulnerability prevalence or an organisation’s risk. Distinct vendorProject labels are counted exactly as published, without merging aliases or treating them as distinct companies.

Unknown means CISA lacks confirmation of use in a ransomware campaign; it does not mean no exploitation. forensicTriage Yes/No is a separate field described by the schema with a reference to BOD 26-04. An absent field stays unreported. Neither No nor Unknown demonstrates that your asset has not been compromised.

dueDate is the deadline published in the CISA entry for the stated action. It is not a universal SLA, a patch release date or evidence that a patch was installed. The forensicTriage field alone cannot determine your obligations or define an investigation plan.

Six readings that prevent a misleading priority

Six readings that prevent a misleading priority
Published fieldUseful readingConclusion to avoid
cveIDJoin sources discussing the same vulnerability.The identifier year does not date KEV inclusion.
vendorProject · productFind the vendor advisory and local inventory.A product name does not replace affected versions and configurations.
dateAddedDate the entry’s inclusion in this catalogue.Do not call it discovery or first-exploitation date.
dueDate · requiredActionRead the published action and deadline together.Do not turn the date into a universal obligation or proof of remediation.
knownRansomwareCampaignUsePreserve Known, Unknown or an absent field.Unknown is not No and does not remove the known exploitation signal underlying KEV.
forensicTriage · cwesSeparate CISA’s indicator from published weakness classes.A CWE is not a specific product or score; No is not a certificate that no incident occurred.

Catalogue additions by year

Catalogue additions by yearEach bar counts entries retained in this snapshot by the year of dateAdded. It is not a discovery year or an exploitation frequency. The first year starts at this snapshot’s earliest entry and the release year is incomplete; these totals are not an annual attack trend.311202155520221872023186202424520252852026
Each bar counts entries retained in this snapshot by the year of dateAdded. It is not a discovery year or an exploitation frequency. The first year starts at this snapshot’s earliest entry and the release year is incomplete; these totals are not an annual attack trend.
Catalogue additions by year · dateAdded
Year addedEntries
2021311
2022555
2023187
2024186
2025245
2026285

Results : 311 / 1769 · Page 4 / 13

Explore the CISA KEV catalogue · 2026.11.06
CVEVendor or project · productDate added / Entry due dateUse in ransomware campaigns / forensicTriage
CVE-2019-0808

Microsoft

Win32k

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Win32k Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Microsoft Win32k contains a privilege escalation vulnerability due to the component failing to properly handle objects in memory. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to run code in kernel mode.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0808

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-0859

Microsoft

Win32k

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Win32k Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Microsoft Win32k fails to properly handle objects in memory causing privilege escalation. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to run code in kernel mode.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0859

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-0863

Microsoft

Windows

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Windows Error Reporting (WER) Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Microsoft Windows Error Reporting (WER) contains a privilege escalation vulnerability due to the way it handles files, allowing for code execution in kernel mode.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0863

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-11510

CWE-22

Ivanti

Pulse Connect Secure

Entry and action published by CISA

Ivanti Pulse Connect Secure Arbitrary File Read Vulnerability

Ivanti Pulse Connect Secure contains an arbitrary file read vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated remote attacker with network access via HTTPS to send a specially crafted URI.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
Reference CISA's ED 21-03 (https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/ed-21-03-mitigate-pulse-connect-secure-product-vulnerabilities) for further guidance and requirements. Note: The due date for addressing this vulnerability aligns with the requirements outlined in ED 21-03. https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11510

www.cisa.gov ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-11539

CWE-78

Ivanti

Pulse Connect Secure and Pulse Policy Secure

Entry and action published by CISA

Ivanti Pulse Connect Secure and Policy Secure Command Injection Vulnerability

Ivanti Pulse Connect Secure and Policy Secure allows an authenticated attacker from the admin web interface to inject and execute commands.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11539

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-11580

Atlassian

Crowd and Crowd Data Center

Entry and action published by CISA

Atlassian Crowd and Crowd Data Center Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Atlassian Crowd and Crowd Data Center contain a remote code execution vulnerability resulting from a pdkinstall development plugin being incorrectly enabled in release builds.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11580

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-11634

Citrix

Workspace Application and Receiver for Windows

Entry and action published by CISA

Citrix Workspace Application and Receiver for Windows Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Citrix Workspace Application and Receiver for Windows contains remote code execution vulnerability resulting from local drive access preferences not being enforced into the clients' local drives.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11634

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-1214

Microsoft

Windows

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Windows Privilege Common Log File System (CLFS) Escalation Vulnerability

Microsoft Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) driver improperly handles objects in memory which can allow for privilege escalation.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1214

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-1215

Microsoft

Windows

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Windows Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Microsoft Windows contains an unspecified vulnerability due to the way ws2ifsl.sys (Winsock) handles objects in memory, allowing for privilege escalation. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to execute code with elevated privileges.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1215

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-13608

CWE-611

Citrix

StoreFront Server

Entry and action published by CISA

Citrix StoreFront Server XML External Entity (XXE) Processing Vulnerability

Citrix StoreFront Server contains an XML External Entity (XXE) processing vulnerability that may allow an unauthenticated attacker to retrieve potentially sensitive information.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-13608

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-1367

CWE-787

Microsoft

Internet Explorer

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Internet Explorer Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability

Microsoft Internet Explorer contains a memory corruption vulnerability in how the scripting engine handles objects in memory. Successful exploitation allows for remote code execution in the context of the current user.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1367

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-1429

CWE-416, CWE-787

Microsoft

Internet Explorer

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Internet Explorer Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability

Microsoft Internet Explorer contains a memory corruption vulnerability which can allow for remote code execution in the context of the current user.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1429

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-15752

CWE-732

Docker

Desktop Community Edition

Entry and action published by CISA

Docker Desktop Community Edition Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Docker Desktop Community Edition contains a vulnerability that may allow local users to escalate privileges by placing a trojan horse docker-credential-wincred.exe file in %PROGRAMDATA%\DockerDesktop\version-bin\.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15752

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-15949

CWE-78

Nagios

Nagios XI

Entry and action published by CISA

Nagios XI Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Nagios XI contains a remote code execution vulnerability in which a user can modify the check_plugin executable and insert malicious commands to execute as root.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15949

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-16256

SIMalliance

Toolbox Browser

Entry and action published by CISA

SIMalliance Toolbox Browser Command Injection Vulnerability

SIMalliance Toolbox Browser contains an command injection vulnerability that could allow remote attackers to retrieve location and IMEI information or execute a range of other attacks by modifying the attack message.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-16256

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-1653

CWE-284

Cisco

Small Business RV320 and RV325 Routers

Entry and action published by CISA

Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Routers Information Disclosure Vulnerability

Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Dual Gigabit WAN VPN Routers contain improper access controls for URLs. Exploitation could allow an attacker to download the router configuration or detailed diagnostic information.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1653

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-16759

CWE-94

vBulletin

vBulletin

Entry and action published by CISA

vBulletin PHP Module Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

The PHP module within vBulletin contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows for remote code execution via the widgetConfig[code] parameter in an ajax/render/widget_php routestring request.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-16759

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-17026

CWE-843

Mozilla

Firefox and Thunderbird

Entry and action published by CISA

Mozilla Firefox And Thunderbird Type Confusion Vulnerability

Mozilla Firefox and Thunderbird contain a type confusion vulnerability due to incorrect alias information in the IonMonkey JIT compiler when setting array elements.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-17026

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-17558

CWE-74

Apache

Solr

Entry and action published by CISA

Apache Solr VelocityResponseWriter Plug-In Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

The Apache Solr VelocityResponseWriter plug-in contains an unspecified vulnerability which can allow for remote code execution.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-17558

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-18187

CWE-22

Trend Micro

OfficeScan

Entry and action published by CISA

Trend Micro OfficeScan Directory Traversal Vulnerability

Trend Micro OfficeScan contains a directory traversal vulnerability by extracting files from a zip file to a specific folder on the OfficeScan server, leading to remote code execution.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-18187

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-18935

CWE-502

Progress

Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX

Entry and action published by CISA

Progress Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability

Progress Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX contains a deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability through RadAsyncUpload which leads to code execution on the server in the context of the w3wp.exe process.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-18935

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-18988

CWE-521

TeamViewer

Desktop

Entry and action published by CISA

TeamViewer Desktop Bypass Remote Login Vulnerability

TeamViewer Desktop allows for bypass of remote-login access control because the same AES key is used for different customers' installations. If an attacker were to know this key, they could decrypt protected information stored in registry or configuration files or decryption of the Unattended Access password to the system (which allows for remote login to the system).

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-18988

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-19356

CWE-78

Netis

WF2419 Devices

Entry and action published by CISA

Netis WF2419 Devices Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Netis WF2419 devices contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows an attacker to perform remote code execution as root through the router's web management page.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19356

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-19781

CWE-22

Citrix

Application Delivery Controller (ADC), Gateway, and SD-WAN WANOP Appliance

Entry and action published by CISA

Citrix ADC, Gateway, and SD-WAN WANOP Appliance Code Execution Vulnerability

Citrix ADC, Citrix Gateway, and multiple Citrix SD-WAN WANOP appliance models contain an unspecified vulnerability that could allow an unauthenticated attacker to perform code execution.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19781

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2019-20085

CWE-22

TVT

NVMS-1000

Entry and action published by CISA

TVT NVMS-1000 Directory Traversal Vulnerability

TVT devices utilizing NVMS-1000 software contain a directory traversal vulnerability via GET /.. requests.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-20085

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No

An old identifier can enter the catalogue recently

CVE-2015-5477, associated with ISC BIND in this snapshot, has identifier year 2015 and dateAdded 8 October 2026. These dates answer different questions. The entry calls for following vendor instructions; it does not establish your BIND version, exposure or installation of a fix.

From a public signal to a documented decision

  1. Qualify the match

    Keep the CVE, source and date, then establish product, version, embedded component and exposure. An SBOM may locate a component without proving its runtime condition.

  2. Read the action at its source

    Open the vendor advisory and updates. Separate updating, mitigation, discontinuing a product and searching for compromise evidence; a patch does not replace these other decisions.

  3. Document the change

    Assign an owner, prepare rollback and verify dependencies. A mitigation remains a scoped measure with an explicit validity period.

  4. Verify the resulting state

    Retain an observed version, checked configuration and service test. Closing a task needs evidence concerning the actual asset, beyond a console status.

Source release : · Documentary review :

CISA KEV data reused under CC0 1.0. Reuse implies no CISA affiliation or endorsement and grants no right to use the CISA logo or DHS seal.

Reference details · CISA KEV

How we publish this official snapshot

The copy is identified by its catalogue version, dateReleased, official mirror commit and source-file digest. CISA publication, GitHub synchronisation and our review are distinct events. Aggregates are computed from the retained entries; no visitor inventory collection or vulnerability scan takes place.

catalogVersion
2026.11.06
dateReleased
GitHub commit
e5b3a9b25050a8da26c96266c5bfe438ee0bdebc ·
SHA-256
47e0406b2be5a40420eff66f3d90e83eb8883dae6ff4d08e1b2a942c366f6cc2

Counters describe this snapshot only. They do not measure attack counts, vulnerability prevalence or an organisation’s risk. Distinct vendorProject labels are counted exactly as published, without merging aliases or treating them as distinct companies.

Explore the catalogue and method →

Source release : · Documentary review :

CISA KEV data reused under CC0 1.0. Reuse implies no CISA affiliation or endorsement and grants no right to use the CISA logo or DHS seal.

Official references

References consulted: . The method and worksheet propose checks to adapt to your context; they do not constitute certification.