Resources · 23

Prioritize vulnerabilities and verify remediation

Connect known exploitation, exposed assets, business impact and proof of a working fix.

· 9 min

Fictional cyber observatory with three trays separating advisories, inventory and remediation evidence, without people

What this guide helps achieve

  • Match alerts to assets
  • Rank actual urgency
  • Roll out safely
  • Verify and close

Quick check

  • Is the affected product and version actually deployed?
  • Is the asset reachable and business critical?
  • Is exploitation documented?
  • What protects the service before a patch?
  • Does a check confirm the problem is gone from the asset?

Step-by-step method

  1. 01

    Consolidate the inventory

    Map services, products, versions, environments, exposure and owners. A component advisory alone does not prove that a vulnerable instance is deployed.

    Deliverable: dated affected-asset list and uncertainties.

  2. 02

    Qualify the finding

    Compare the vendor advisory, CVE identifier, exploitation conditions and, where relevant, CISA’s catalog of known exploited vulnerabilities. Record when each source was checked.

    Deliverable: finding with primary references.

  3. 03

    Set a defensible priority

    Consider known exploitation, asset reachability, required privileges, data handled, service impact and available remediation. Assign an owner and context-specific deadline.

    Deliverable: reasoned priority decision.

  4. 04

    Prepare the change

    Map dependencies, change window, backup and rollback. If an update cannot be applied promptly, record the temporary control and its expiry.

    Deliverable: rollout plan and limited exception.

  5. 05

    Deploy and test

    Apply the vendor fix or mitigation using the approved process. Check the resulting version, business journey and integrations that may regress.

    Deliverable: deployment record and functional result.

  6. 06

    Verify closure

    Check the actual asset with a suitable method, find missed instances and revisit exceptions. Do not close a ticket because an update was merely scheduled.

    Deliverable: verification evidence and updated register.

Management indicators

IndicatorWhat it measuresFirst action
CoverageCritical assets with known versions and ownersComplete the inventory
DelayTime from qualification to verified fixRemove repeated bottlenecks
VerificationFixes retested on real assetsReopen closures without evidence
ExceptionsWaivers with control, owner and expiryClose expired exceptions

Common pitfalls

  • Ranking solely by a generic score without checking the asset
  • Assuming a KEV listing means the product exists in your estate
  • Deploying without testing service behaviour
  • Leaving compensating controls without a review date

Frequently asked questions

Must the highest-scored CVE always go first?

A score describes technical severity; known exploitation, exposure and local service impact guide your operational order.

What if no patch exists?

Follow vendor mitigations, reduce exposure where possible and document an owner, review date and residual risk.

When is the work closed?

After the version or mitigation has been verified on affected instances and critical functionality has been tested.

References: data, uses and limitations

Documentation reviewed on .

Vulnerability: three complementary viewsCVE · Identify. CVSS · Technical severity. EPSS · Probability. KEV · Known exploitation. Affected version and product. Score from 0.0 to 10.0. 30-day horizon. Official CISA catalogue. Local decision: exposure, impact, evidence and remediation checks.Vulnerability: three complementary viewsCVE · IdentifyAffected version and productCVSS · Technical severityScore from 0.0 to 10.0EPSS · Probability30-day horizonKEV · Known exploitationOfficial CISA catalogueLocal decision: exposure, impact, evidence and remediation checks
Vulnerability: three complementary views
References: data, uses and limitations
Source and purposeVerified data or benchmarkHow to use itLimitation to retain
FIRST · CVSS

Describe technical vulnerability severity using an explicit method and vector.

CVSS 4.0 scores run from 0.0 to 10.0. Base, Threat, Environmental and Supplemental metric groups serve different purposes. Retain the score version, vector and date. Compare it with the installed version, access paths and business consequences before ordering remediation.

Explore the method →

A high score is not evidence of exploitation; a low score does not mean a service has no risk.
FIRST · EPSS

Estimate exploitation probability for a published CVE.

The model looks ahead 30 days. Its score is a probability; its percentile ranks that score relative to other CVEs. Record the data date and distinguish probability from percentile. Add asset exposure and confirmed exploitation evidence.

Explore the method →

The model does not predict harm to your organisation. Low probability does not cancel a critical exposure.
CISA · Known Exploited Vulnerabilities

Identify vulnerabilities listed by CISA as known to be exploited.

The catalogue includes CVE, product, date added and required action. Its official repository also provides the data schema. Check applicability to your products and retain the access date. Review the requested action and vendor advisory before confirming remediation.

Explore the method →

Absence from the catalogue does not establish safety. Administrative deadlines in it are not automatically binding on every organisation.

CVSS, EPSS, KEV and VEX

Vulnerability prioritisation: four signals to connect to the asset

A vulnerability queue often mixes information answering different questions. CVSS describes technical severity, EPSS estimates a probability of observed exploitation, KEV records known exploitation and VEX carries a product applicability assertion. A local decision still needs the deployed version, access paths and consequences of exploitation.

These are documentary reference points. EPSS examples, situations and the VEX product are fictional; no current CVE score, real inventory or scan result is presented. This page calculates neither CVSS, organisational risk nor an automatic priority. Proposed evidence and decisions are a local editorial method.

Four distinct signals for a local decision
Four distinct signals for a local decision Four independent panels: CVSS describes severity; EPSS estimates observed exploitation within thirty days; KEV records known exploitation; VEX states declared applicability. Compare them with the deployed product and its context without adding them into one score. CVSS · Severity Metrics and vector Version and author EPSS · Probability Thirty-day horizon Separate date and rank KEV · Known exploitation Product and requested action Catalogue edition VEX · Applicability Issuer, product and time Status and justification Local decision: deployed asset, exposure, consequences, owner and evidence.

Four independent panels: CVSS describes severity; EPSS estimates observed exploitation within thirty days; KEV records known exploitation; VEX states declared applicability. Compare them with the deployed product and its context without adding them into one score.

Four questions and four kinds of information

Four questions and four kinds of information
SourceUseful questionWhat it cannot establish alone
CVSS 4.0What is the technical severity under the assessed metrics?The score proves neither exploitation nor consequences for your service.
EPSSWhat is the estimated probability of observing exploitation of this CVE in the next thirty days?It does not describe compromise of your instance, its controls or business loss.
CISA KEVIs the vulnerability listed as known to be exploited?Listing does not establish that the product exists in your estate; absence does not establish safety.
VEXWhat does an issuer assert about a vulnerability for identified products at a stated time?An assertion alone proves neither deployment of the relevant version nor issuer trustworthiness.

CVSS 4.0: preserve groups, vector and assessment author

A number from 0 to 10 loses meaning when its version, vector and assessed groups disappear. FIRST distinguishes CVSS-B, CVSS-BT, CVSS-BE and CVSS-BTE. Undefined Threat and Environmental metrics take default values rather than disappearing from the calculation.

CVSS 4.0: preserve groups, vector and assessment author
GroupRoleReading check
BaseIntrinsic vulnerability characteristics.A supplier’s CVSS-B is not your priority decision.
ThreatThreat characteristics that can change over time.Date the assessment and explain exploitation information used.
EnvironmentalCharacteristics specific to the consumer’s environment.State the controls and system importance considered rather than silently changing a score.
SupplementalAdditional context, such as Safety or Recovery.These metrics do not modify the final CVSS score; they may inform a separate local analysis.

EPSS: probability, percentile and missing data

FIRST describes a probability from 0 to 1, updated daily, over a thirty-day horizon. The percentile is a relative rank among currently scored vulnerabilities. Do not add probability and percentile or turn their pair into the probability of an attack on your organisation.

EPSS: probability, percentile and missing data
Fictional exampleProvided valuesCorrect reading
A probabilityProbability : 0.05 · Percentile : Unspecified0.05 means a 5% estimated probability of observed exploitation within the model horizon, rather than an estate compromise rate.
Probability and rankProbability : 0.02 · Percentile : 0.97In this fictional example 0.02 means 2%, while 0.97 places the score at the 97th percentile. The rank does not turn a 2% probability into 97%.
No received valueProbability : Unspecified · Percentile : UnspecifiedMissing data remains unknown; it is neither zero nor evidence of no exploitation. Record the failure or the date of the last available value.

Seven useful readings of the KEV schema

The official CISA repository schema describes the catalogue and its entries. The following selection helps retain consultation context rather than enumerate every field. Match each entry to the supplier advisory and actual asset.

Seven useful readings of the KEV schema
FieldsMeaningProposed check
catalogVersion / dateReleasedCatalogue version and publication time.Keep a reference to the consulted edition; distinguish publication time from your assessment time.
cveID / vendorProject / productIdentifier and product associated with the entry.Match name, version, distribution and embedded components before declaring an asset affected.
dateAddedDate the vulnerability entered the catalogue.Do not present it as the first exploitation date or CVE publication date.
requiredActionRequested action to address the vulnerability.Read the complete instruction and supplier references, then document local implementation.
dueDateCatalogue deadline for the requested action.Check the context and scope of the CISA instruction before adopting it as a local deadline.
knownRansomwareCampaignUseKnown indicates confirmed ransomware campaign use; Unknown means CISA lacks confirmation.Do not translate Unknown into never used or a definite false value.
cwesWeakness category codes associated with the entry.Use categories to group causes; they do not replace the CVE identifier or affected version.

Six fictional situations: what is missing before a decision?

High severity, product not located

An advisory reports high severity; the inventory cannot locate that version in the estate.

Confirm presence and version with the owner, including embedded dependencies.

Retain applicability unknown. Absence from an incomplete inventory does not justify closure.

Known exploitation, exposed instance

The vulnerability is listed as known to be exploited and an owner confirms an affected internet-accessible instance.

Review supplier actions and arrange exposure reduction and remediation suited to the service.

Name the owner, interim control and expected verification evidence; a severity score alone supplies none of this traceability.

Low probability, essential service

The fictional EPSS probability is low, but the affected instance supports an essential service.

Assess consequences and access paths before agreeing a change window.

Do not treat a low score as insurance; that instance’s controls are not contextual inputs to EPSS.

VEX for another version

The supplier declares version 2.4.0 not affected; the asset still runs 2.3.0.

Seek an assertion applicable to the installed version and verify its provenance.

Do not extend a conclusion across versions. A VEX document deploys no update.

Temporary control becomes permanent

A temporary rule reduces access; its review date has passed.

Check that it still protects the relevant path, then decide whether to maintain it or apply the fix.

Keep the owner, limits and a new review date. A perimeter control is not automatically an OpenVEX built-in product mitigation.

Patch announced, deployment unverified

A fixed release is available, but the ticket contains only a download link.

Check the version actually deployed, remaining instances and critical functionality.

Close on implementation and verification evidence, rather than the supplier’s availability of a patch.

Eight records for a traceable remediation decision

  • Product, version or build, environment and asset owner.
  • Vulnerability identifier, supplier advisory and relevant exploitation conditions.
  • CVSS version, vector, metric-group nomenclature and assessment author.
  • EPSS date, probability and percentile in separate fields, or an explicit missing value.
  • Dated KEV status, requested action and consulted catalogue edition.
  • Applicable VEX assertion: issuer, product, version, time and any justification.
  • Reasoned local decision, interim control, owner and review date.
  • Deployment or mitigation evidence, verification result and remaining limits.

Read VEX statuses and applicability conditions →

Primary sources and scope

Sources checked on

Build signatures and provenance

Verify patch origin and then its application

A fixed version needs connecting to the received package and updated instance. Provenance verification helps establish expected origin; remediation confirmation still requires checking the active version and relevant behaviour.

  • Keep the accepted patch digest and signature/provenance verification results.
  • Match that package to the version actually deployed on each targeted instance.
  • Do not close on authenticity alone: document remediation checks, regressions and remaining limits.

Read the pre-deployment provenance reference →

Sources checked on · SLSA 1.2 · Build: Verifying artifacts · SLSA 1.2 · Build: Provenance · SLSA 1.2 · Build: Track Basics · in-toto · Statement v1 · Sigstore · Verifying Signatures

Explore the CISA KEV catalogue

KEV is CISA’s catalogue of vulnerabilities known to be exploited. This explorer contains a complete dated snapshot, not a live feed. A CVE or product-name match is a lead to compare with the exact deployed product and version; it does not prove that a visitor’s system is vulnerable or compromised.

Entry names, products, descriptions, required actions and links retain CISA’s language and values. Explanations are editorial. Entries may be added or corrected after this snapshot; consult the official source before an operational decision.

Entries
1769
Distinct vendor/project labels
291
Catalogue release date

Counters describe this snapshot only. They do not measure attack counts, vulnerability prevalence or an organisation’s risk. Distinct vendorProject labels are counted exactly as published, without merging aliases or treating them as distinct companies.

Unknown means CISA lacks confirmation of use in a ransomware campaign; it does not mean no exploitation. forensicTriage Yes/No is a separate field described by the schema with a reference to BOD 26-04. An absent field stays unreported. Neither No nor Unknown demonstrates that your asset has not been compromised.

dueDate is the deadline published in the CISA entry for the stated action. It is not a universal SLA, a patch release date or evidence that a patch was installed. The forensicTriage field alone cannot determine your obligations or define an investigation plan.

Six readings that prevent a misleading priority

Six readings that prevent a misleading priority
Published fieldUseful readingConclusion to avoid
cveIDJoin sources discussing the same vulnerability.The identifier year does not date KEV inclusion.
vendorProject · productFind the vendor advisory and local inventory.A product name does not replace affected versions and configurations.
dateAddedDate the entry’s inclusion in this catalogue.Do not call it discovery or first-exploitation date.
dueDate · requiredActionRead the published action and deadline together.Do not turn the date into a universal obligation or proof of remediation.
knownRansomwareCampaignUsePreserve Known, Unknown or an absent field.Unknown is not No and does not remove the known exploitation signal underlying KEV.
forensicTriage · cwesSeparate CISA’s indicator from published weakness classes.A CWE is not a specific product or score; No is not a certificate that no incident occurred.

Catalogue additions by year

Catalogue additions by yearEach bar counts entries retained in this snapshot by the year of dateAdded. It is not a discovery year or an exploitation frequency. The first year starts at this snapshot’s earliest entry and the release year is incomplete; these totals are not an annual attack trend.311202155520221872023186202424520252852026
Each bar counts entries retained in this snapshot by the year of dateAdded. It is not a discovery year or an exploitation frequency. The first year starts at this snapshot’s earliest entry and the release year is incomplete; these totals are not an annual attack trend.
Catalogue additions by year · dateAdded
Year addedEntries
2021311
2022555
2023187
2024186
2025245
2026285

Results : 1769 / 1769 · Page 20 / 71

Explore the CISA KEV catalogue · 2026.11.06
CVEVendor or project · productDate added / Entry due dateUse in ransomware campaigns / forensicTriage
CVE-2024-13159

CWE-36

Ivanti

Endpoint Manager (EPM)

Entry and action published by CISA

Ivanti Endpoint Manager (EPM) Absolute Path Traversal Vulnerability

Ivanti Endpoint Manager (EPM) contains an absolute path traversal vulnerability that allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to leak sensitive information.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-EPM-January-2025-for-EPM-2024-and-EPM-2022-SU6?language=en_US ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13159

forums.ivanti.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2024-13160

CWE-36

Ivanti

Endpoint Manager (EPM)

Entry and action published by CISA

Ivanti Endpoint Manager (EPM) Absolute Path Traversal Vulnerability

Ivanti Endpoint Manager (EPM) contains an absolute path traversal vulnerability that allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to leak sensitive information.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-EPM-January-2025-for-EPM-2024-and-EPM-2022-SU6?language=en_US ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13160

forums.ivanti.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2024-13161

CWE-36

Ivanti

Endpoint Manager (EPM)

Entry and action published by CISA

Ivanti Endpoint Manager (EPM) Absolute Path Traversal Vulnerability

Ivanti Endpoint Manager (EPM) contains an absolute path traversal vulnerability that allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to leak sensitive information.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-EPM-January-2025-for-EPM-2024-and-EPM-2022-SU6?language=en_US ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13161

forums.ivanti.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2024-57968

CWE-434

Advantive

VeraCore

Entry and action published by CISA

Advantive VeraCore Unrestricted File Upload Vulnerability

Advantive VeraCore contains an unrestricted file upload vulnerability that allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to upload files to unintended folders via upload.apsx.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://advantive.my.site.com/support/s/article/VeraCore-Release-Notes-2024-4-2-1 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-57968

advantive.my.site.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2025-25181

CWE-89

Advantive

VeraCore

Entry and action published by CISA

Advantive VeraCore SQL Injection Vulnerability

Advantive VeraCore contains a SQL injection vulnerability in timeoutWarning.asp that allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the PmSess1 parameter.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://advantive.my.site.com/support/s/article/Veracore-Release-Notes-2025-1-1-3 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25181

advantive.my.site.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2024-50302

CWE-908

Linux

Kernel

Entry and action published by CISA

Linux Kernel Use of Uninitialized Resource Vulnerability

The Linux kernel contains a use of uninitialized resource vulnerability that allows an attacker to leak kernel memory via a specially crafted HID report.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
This vulnerability affects a common open-source component, third-party library, or a protocol used by different products. For more information, please see: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2024111908-CVE-2024-50302-f677@gregkh/ ; https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2025-03-01 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50302

lore.kernel.org ↗

source.android.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2025-22224

CWE-367

VMware

ESXi and Workstation

Entry and action published by CISA

VMware ESXi and Workstation TOCTOU Race Condition Vulnerability

VMware ESXi and Workstation contain a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability that leads to an out-of-bounds write. Successful exploitation enables an attacker with local administrative privileges on a virtual machine to execute code as the virtual machine's VMX process running on the host.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/25390 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22224

support.broadcom.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2025-22225

CWE-123

VMware

ESXi

Entry and action published by CISA

VMware ESXi Arbitrary Write Vulnerability

VMware ESXi contains an arbitrary write vulnerability. Successful exploitation allows an attacker with privileges within the VMX process to trigger an arbitrary kernel write leading to an escape of the sandbox.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/25390 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22225

support.broadcom.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2025-22226

CWE-125

VMware

ESXi, Workstation, and Fusion

Entry and action published by CISA

VMware ESXi, Workstation, and Fusion Information Disclosure Vulnerability

VMware ESXi, Workstation, and Fusion contain an information disclosure vulnerability due to an out-of-bounds read in HGFS. Successful exploitation allows an attacker with administrative privileges to a virtual machine to leak memory from the vmx process.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/25390 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22226

support.broadcom.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2018-8639

CWE-404

Microsoft

Windows

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Windows Win32k Improper Resource Shutdown or Release Vulnerability

Microsoft Windows Win32k contains an improper resource shutdown or release vulnerability that allows for local, authenticated privilege escalation. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could run arbitrary code in kernel mode.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/advisory/CVE-2018-8639 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8639

msrc.microsoft.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2022-43769

CWE-74

Hitachi Vantara

Pentaho Business Analytics (BA) Server

Entry and action published by CISA

Hitachi Vantara Pentaho BA Server Special Element Injection Vulnerability

Hitachi Vantara Pentaho BA Server contains a special element injection vulnerability that allows an attacker to inject Spring templates into properties files, allowing for arbitrary command execution.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://support.pentaho.com/hc/en-us/articles/14455561548301--Resolved-Pentaho-BA-Server-Failure-to-Sanitize-Special-Elements-into-a-Different-Plane-Special-Element-Injection-Versions-before-9-4-0-1-and-9-3-0-2-including-8-3-x-Impacted-CVE-2022-43769 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43769

support.pentaho.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2022-43939

CWE-647

Hitachi Vantara

Pentaho Business Analytics (BA) Server

Entry and action published by CISA

Hitachi Vantara Pentaho BA Server Authorization Bypass Vulnerability

Hitachi Vantara Pentaho BA Server contains a use of non-canonical URL paths for authorization decisions vulnerability that enables an attacker to bypass authorization.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://support.pentaho.com/hc/en-us/articles/14455394120333--Resolved-Pentaho-BA-Server-Use-of-Non-Canonical-URL-Paths-for-Authorization-Decisions-Versions-before-9-4-0-1-and-9-3-0-2-including-8-3-x-Impacted-CVE-2022-43939- ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43939

support.pentaho.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2023-20118

CWE-77

Cisco

Small Business RV Series Routers

Entry and action published by CISA

Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Command Injection Vulnerability

Multiple Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers contains a command injection vulnerability in the web-based management interface. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to gain root-level privileges and access unauthorized data.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-sbr042-multi-vuln-ej76Pke5 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20118

sec.cloudapps.cisco.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2024-4885

CWE-22

Progress

WhatsUp Gold

Entry and action published by CISA

Progress WhatsUp Gold Path Traversal Vulnerability

Progress WhatsUp Gold contains a path traversal vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated attacker to achieve remote code execution.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://community.progress.com/s/article/WhatsUp-Gold-Security-Bulletin-June-2024 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4885

community.progress.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2023-34192

CWE-79

Synacor

Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS)

Entry and action published by CISA

Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability

Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) contains a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability that allows a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted script to the /h/autoSaveDraft function.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Zimbra_Security_Advisories ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34192

wiki.zimbra.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2024-49035

CWE-269

Microsoft

Partner Center

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Partner Center Improper Access Control Vulnerability

Microsoft Partner Center contains an improper access control vulnerability that allows an attacker to escalate privileges.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-49035 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49035

msrc.microsoft.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2017-3066

CWE-502

Adobe

ColdFusion

Entry and action published by CISA

Adobe ColdFusion Deserialization Vulnerability

Adobe ColdFusion contains a deserialization vulnerability in the Apache BlazeDS library that allows for arbitrary code execution.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/coldfusion/apsb17-14.html ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-3066

helpx.adobe.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2024-20953

CWE-502

Oracle

Agile Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)

Entry and action published by CISA

Oracle Agile Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) Deserialization Vulnerability

Oracle Agile Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) contains a deserialization vulnerability that allows a low-privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise the system.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2024.html ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20953

www.oracle.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2025-24989

CWE-284

Microsoft

Power Pages

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Power Pages Improper Access Control Vulnerability

Microsoft Power Pages contains an improper access control vulnerability that allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network potentially bypassing the user registration control.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/advisory/CVE-2025-24989 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24989

msrc.microsoft.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2025-0111

CWE-73

Palo Alto Networks

PAN-OS

Entry and action published by CISA

Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS File Read Vulnerability

Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS contains an external control of file name or path vulnerability. Successful exploitation enables an authenticated attacker with network access to the management web interface to read files on the PAN-OS filesystem that are readable by the “nobody” user.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2025-0111 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0111

security.paloaltonetworks.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2025-23209

CWE-94

Craft CMS

Craft CMS

Entry and action published by CISA

Craft CMS Code Injection Vulnerability

Craft CMS contains a code injection vulnerability caused by improper validation of the database backup path, ultimately enabling remote code execution.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-x684-96hh-833x ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23209

github.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2024-53704

CWE-287

SonicWall

SonicOS

Entry and action published by CISA

SonicWall SonicOS SSLVPN Improper Authentication Vulnerability

SonicWall SonicOS contains an improper authentication vulnerability in the SSLVPN authentication mechanism that allows a remote attacker to bypass authentication.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SNWLID-2025-0003 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53704

psirt.global.sonicwall.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2025-0108

CWE-306

Palo Alto Networks

PAN-OS

Entry and action published by CISA

Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in its management web interface. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker with network access to the management web interface to bypass the authentication normally required and invoke certain PHP scripts.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2025-0108 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0108

security.paloaltonetworks.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2024-57727

CWE-22

SimpleHelp

SimpleHelp

Entry and action published by CISA

SimpleHelp Path Traversal Vulnerability

SimpleHelp remote support software contains multiple path traversal vulnerabilities that allow unauthenticated remote attackers to download arbitrary files from the SimpleHelp host via crafted HTTP requests. These files may include server configuration files and hashed user passwords.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://simple-help.com/kb---security-vulnerabilities-01-2025 ; Additional CISA Mitigation Instructions: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa25-163a ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-57727

simple-help.com ↗

www.cisa.gov ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2024-41710

CWE-88

Mitel

SIP Phones

Entry and action published by CISA

Mitel SIP Phones Argument Injection Vulnerability

Mitel 6800 Series, 6900 Series, and 6900w Series SIP Phones, including the 6970 Conference Unit, contain an argument injection vulnerability due to insufficient parameter sanitization during the boot process. Successful exploitation may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands within the context of the system.

requiredAction
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
notes
https://www.mitel.com/-/media/mitel/file/pdf/support/security-advisories/security-bulletin_24-0019-001-v2.pdf ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41710

www.mitel.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No

An old identifier can enter the catalogue recently

CVE-2015-5477, associated with ISC BIND in this snapshot, has identifier year 2015 and dateAdded 8 October 2026. These dates answer different questions. The entry calls for following vendor instructions; it does not establish your BIND version, exposure or installation of a fix.

From a public signal to a documented decision

  1. Qualify the match

    Keep the CVE, source and date, then establish product, version, embedded component and exposure. An SBOM may locate a component without proving its runtime condition.

  2. Read the action at its source

    Open the vendor advisory and updates. Separate updating, mitigation, discontinuing a product and searching for compromise evidence; a patch does not replace these other decisions.

  3. Document the change

    Assign an owner, prepare rollback and verify dependencies. A mitigation remains a scoped measure with an explicit validity period.

  4. Verify the resulting state

    Retain an observed version, checked configuration and service test. Closing a task needs evidence concerning the actual asset, beyond a console status.

Source release : · Documentary review :

CISA KEV data reused under CC0 1.0. Reuse implies no CISA affiliation or endorsement and grants no right to use the CISA logo or DHS seal.

Reference details · CISA KEV

How we publish this official snapshot

The copy is identified by its catalogue version, dateReleased, official mirror commit and source-file digest. CISA publication, GitHub synchronisation and our review are distinct events. Aggregates are computed from the retained entries; no visitor inventory collection or vulnerability scan takes place.

catalogVersion
2026.11.06
dateReleased
GitHub commit
e5b3a9b25050a8da26c96266c5bfe438ee0bdebc ·
SHA-256
47e0406b2be5a40420eff66f3d90e83eb8883dae6ff4d08e1b2a942c366f6cc2

Counters describe this snapshot only. They do not measure attack counts, vulnerability prevalence or an organisation’s risk. Distinct vendorProject labels are counted exactly as published, without merging aliases or treating them as distinct companies.

Explore the catalogue and method →

Source release : · Documentary review :

CISA KEV data reused under CC0 1.0. Reuse implies no CISA affiliation or endorsement and grants no right to use the CISA logo or DHS seal.

Official references

References consulted: . The method and worksheet propose checks to adapt to your context; they do not constitute certification.