Resources · 23

Prioritize vulnerabilities and verify remediation

Connect known exploitation, exposed assets, business impact and proof of a working fix.

· 9 min

Fictional cyber observatory with three trays separating advisories, inventory and remediation evidence, without people

What this guide helps achieve

  • Match alerts to assets
  • Rank actual urgency
  • Roll out safely
  • Verify and close

Quick check

  • Is the affected product and version actually deployed?
  • Is the asset reachable and business critical?
  • Is exploitation documented?
  • What protects the service before a patch?
  • Does a check confirm the problem is gone from the asset?

Step-by-step method

  1. 01

    Consolidate the inventory

    Map services, products, versions, environments, exposure and owners. A component advisory alone does not prove that a vulnerable instance is deployed.

    Deliverable: dated affected-asset list and uncertainties.

  2. 02

    Qualify the finding

    Compare the vendor advisory, CVE identifier, exploitation conditions and, where relevant, CISA’s catalog of known exploited vulnerabilities. Record when each source was checked.

    Deliverable: finding with primary references.

  3. 03

    Set a defensible priority

    Consider known exploitation, asset reachability, required privileges, data handled, service impact and available remediation. Assign an owner and context-specific deadline.

    Deliverable: reasoned priority decision.

  4. 04

    Prepare the change

    Map dependencies, change window, backup and rollback. If an update cannot be applied promptly, record the temporary control and its expiry.

    Deliverable: rollout plan and limited exception.

  5. 05

    Deploy and test

    Apply the vendor fix or mitigation using the approved process. Check the resulting version, business journey and integrations that may regress.

    Deliverable: deployment record and functional result.

  6. 06

    Verify closure

    Check the actual asset with a suitable method, find missed instances and revisit exceptions. Do not close a ticket because an update was merely scheduled.

    Deliverable: verification evidence and updated register.

Management indicators

IndicatorWhat it measuresFirst action
CoverageCritical assets with known versions and ownersComplete the inventory
DelayTime from qualification to verified fixRemove repeated bottlenecks
VerificationFixes retested on real assetsReopen closures without evidence
ExceptionsWaivers with control, owner and expiryClose expired exceptions

Common pitfalls

  • Ranking solely by a generic score without checking the asset
  • Assuming a KEV listing means the product exists in your estate
  • Deploying without testing service behaviour
  • Leaving compensating controls without a review date

Frequently asked questions

Must the highest-scored CVE always go first?

A score describes technical severity; known exploitation, exposure and local service impact guide your operational order.

What if no patch exists?

Follow vendor mitigations, reduce exposure where possible and document an owner, review date and residual risk.

When is the work closed?

After the version or mitigation has been verified on affected instances and critical functionality has been tested.

References: data, uses and limitations

Documentation reviewed on .

Vulnerability: three complementary viewsCVE · Identify. CVSS · Technical severity. EPSS · Probability. KEV · Known exploitation. Affected version and product. Score from 0.0 to 10.0. 30-day horizon. Official CISA catalogue. Local decision: exposure, impact, evidence and remediation checks.Vulnerability: three complementary viewsCVE · IdentifyAffected version and productCVSS · Technical severityScore from 0.0 to 10.0EPSS · Probability30-day horizonKEV · Known exploitationOfficial CISA catalogueLocal decision: exposure, impact, evidence and remediation checks
Vulnerability: three complementary views
References: data, uses and limitations
Source and purposeVerified data or benchmarkHow to use itLimitation to retain
FIRST · CVSS

Describe technical vulnerability severity using an explicit method and vector.

CVSS 4.0 scores run from 0.0 to 10.0. Base, Threat, Environmental and Supplemental metric groups serve different purposes. Retain the score version, vector and date. Compare it with the installed version, access paths and business consequences before ordering remediation.

Explore the method →

A high score is not evidence of exploitation; a low score does not mean a service has no risk.
FIRST · EPSS

Estimate exploitation probability for a published CVE.

The model looks ahead 30 days. Its score is a probability; its percentile ranks that score relative to other CVEs. Record the data date and distinguish probability from percentile. Add asset exposure and confirmed exploitation evidence.

Explore the method →

The model does not predict harm to your organisation. Low probability does not cancel a critical exposure.
CISA · Known Exploited Vulnerabilities

Identify vulnerabilities listed by CISA as known to be exploited.

The catalogue includes CVE, product, date added and required action. Its official repository also provides the data schema. Check applicability to your products and retain the access date. Review the requested action and vendor advisory before confirming remediation.

Explore the method →

Absence from the catalogue does not establish safety. Administrative deadlines in it are not automatically binding on every organisation.

CVSS, EPSS, KEV and VEX

Vulnerability prioritisation: four signals to connect to the asset

A vulnerability queue often mixes information answering different questions. CVSS describes technical severity, EPSS estimates a probability of observed exploitation, KEV records known exploitation and VEX carries a product applicability assertion. A local decision still needs the deployed version, access paths and consequences of exploitation.

These are documentary reference points. EPSS examples, situations and the VEX product are fictional; no current CVE score, real inventory or scan result is presented. This page calculates neither CVSS, organisational risk nor an automatic priority. Proposed evidence and decisions are a local editorial method.

Four distinct signals for a local decision
Four distinct signals for a local decision Four independent panels: CVSS describes severity; EPSS estimates observed exploitation within thirty days; KEV records known exploitation; VEX states declared applicability. Compare them with the deployed product and its context without adding them into one score. CVSS · Severity Metrics and vector Version and author EPSS · Probability Thirty-day horizon Separate date and rank KEV · Known exploitation Product and requested action Catalogue edition VEX · Applicability Issuer, product and time Status and justification Local decision: deployed asset, exposure, consequences, owner and evidence.

Four independent panels: CVSS describes severity; EPSS estimates observed exploitation within thirty days; KEV records known exploitation; VEX states declared applicability. Compare them with the deployed product and its context without adding them into one score.

Four questions and four kinds of information

Four questions and four kinds of information
SourceUseful questionWhat it cannot establish alone
CVSS 4.0What is the technical severity under the assessed metrics?The score proves neither exploitation nor consequences for your service.
EPSSWhat is the estimated probability of observing exploitation of this CVE in the next thirty days?It does not describe compromise of your instance, its controls or business loss.
CISA KEVIs the vulnerability listed as known to be exploited?Listing does not establish that the product exists in your estate; absence does not establish safety.
VEXWhat does an issuer assert about a vulnerability for identified products at a stated time?An assertion alone proves neither deployment of the relevant version nor issuer trustworthiness.

CVSS 4.0: preserve groups, vector and assessment author

A number from 0 to 10 loses meaning when its version, vector and assessed groups disappear. FIRST distinguishes CVSS-B, CVSS-BT, CVSS-BE and CVSS-BTE. Undefined Threat and Environmental metrics take default values rather than disappearing from the calculation.

CVSS 4.0: preserve groups, vector and assessment author
GroupRoleReading check
BaseIntrinsic vulnerability characteristics.A supplier’s CVSS-B is not your priority decision.
ThreatThreat characteristics that can change over time.Date the assessment and explain exploitation information used.
EnvironmentalCharacteristics specific to the consumer’s environment.State the controls and system importance considered rather than silently changing a score.
SupplementalAdditional context, such as Safety or Recovery.These metrics do not modify the final CVSS score; they may inform a separate local analysis.

EPSS: probability, percentile and missing data

FIRST describes a probability from 0 to 1, updated daily, over a thirty-day horizon. The percentile is a relative rank among currently scored vulnerabilities. Do not add probability and percentile or turn their pair into the probability of an attack on your organisation.

EPSS: probability, percentile and missing data
Fictional exampleProvided valuesCorrect reading
A probabilityProbability : 0.05 · Percentile : Unspecified0.05 means a 5% estimated probability of observed exploitation within the model horizon, rather than an estate compromise rate.
Probability and rankProbability : 0.02 · Percentile : 0.97In this fictional example 0.02 means 2%, while 0.97 places the score at the 97th percentile. The rank does not turn a 2% probability into 97%.
No received valueProbability : Unspecified · Percentile : UnspecifiedMissing data remains unknown; it is neither zero nor evidence of no exploitation. Record the failure or the date of the last available value.

Seven useful readings of the KEV schema

The official CISA repository schema describes the catalogue and its entries. The following selection helps retain consultation context rather than enumerate every field. Match each entry to the supplier advisory and actual asset.

Seven useful readings of the KEV schema
FieldsMeaningProposed check
catalogVersion / dateReleasedCatalogue version and publication time.Keep a reference to the consulted edition; distinguish publication time from your assessment time.
cveID / vendorProject / productIdentifier and product associated with the entry.Match name, version, distribution and embedded components before declaring an asset affected.
dateAddedDate the vulnerability entered the catalogue.Do not present it as the first exploitation date or CVE publication date.
requiredActionRequested action to address the vulnerability.Read the complete instruction and supplier references, then document local implementation.
dueDateCatalogue deadline for the requested action.Check the context and scope of the CISA instruction before adopting it as a local deadline.
knownRansomwareCampaignUseKnown indicates confirmed ransomware campaign use; Unknown means CISA lacks confirmation.Do not translate Unknown into never used or a definite false value.
cwesWeakness category codes associated with the entry.Use categories to group causes; they do not replace the CVE identifier or affected version.

Six fictional situations: what is missing before a decision?

High severity, product not located

An advisory reports high severity; the inventory cannot locate that version in the estate.

Confirm presence and version with the owner, including embedded dependencies.

Retain applicability unknown. Absence from an incomplete inventory does not justify closure.

Known exploitation, exposed instance

The vulnerability is listed as known to be exploited and an owner confirms an affected internet-accessible instance.

Review supplier actions and arrange exposure reduction and remediation suited to the service.

Name the owner, interim control and expected verification evidence; a severity score alone supplies none of this traceability.

Low probability, essential service

The fictional EPSS probability is low, but the affected instance supports an essential service.

Assess consequences and access paths before agreeing a change window.

Do not treat a low score as insurance; that instance’s controls are not contextual inputs to EPSS.

VEX for another version

The supplier declares version 2.4.0 not affected; the asset still runs 2.3.0.

Seek an assertion applicable to the installed version and verify its provenance.

Do not extend a conclusion across versions. A VEX document deploys no update.

Temporary control becomes permanent

A temporary rule reduces access; its review date has passed.

Check that it still protects the relevant path, then decide whether to maintain it or apply the fix.

Keep the owner, limits and a new review date. A perimeter control is not automatically an OpenVEX built-in product mitigation.

Patch announced, deployment unverified

A fixed release is available, but the ticket contains only a download link.

Check the version actually deployed, remaining instances and critical functionality.

Close on implementation and verification evidence, rather than the supplier’s availability of a patch.

Eight records for a traceable remediation decision

  • Product, version or build, environment and asset owner.
  • Vulnerability identifier, supplier advisory and relevant exploitation conditions.
  • CVSS version, vector, metric-group nomenclature and assessment author.
  • EPSS date, probability and percentile in separate fields, or an explicit missing value.
  • Dated KEV status, requested action and consulted catalogue edition.
  • Applicable VEX assertion: issuer, product, version, time and any justification.
  • Reasoned local decision, interim control, owner and review date.
  • Deployment or mitigation evidence, verification result and remaining limits.

Read VEX statuses and applicability conditions →

Primary sources and scope

Sources checked on

Build signatures and provenance

Verify patch origin and then its application

A fixed version needs connecting to the received package and updated instance. Provenance verification helps establish expected origin; remediation confirmation still requires checking the active version and relevant behaviour.

  • Keep the accepted patch digest and signature/provenance verification results.
  • Match that package to the version actually deployed on each targeted instance.
  • Do not close on authenticity alone: document remediation checks, regressions and remaining limits.

Read the pre-deployment provenance reference →

Sources checked on · SLSA 1.2 · Build: Verifying artifacts · SLSA 1.2 · Build: Provenance · SLSA 1.2 · Build: Track Basics · in-toto · Statement v1 · Sigstore · Verifying Signatures

Explore the CISA KEV catalogue

KEV is CISA’s catalogue of vulnerabilities known to be exploited. This explorer contains a complete dated snapshot, not a live feed. A CVE or product-name match is a lead to compare with the exact deployed product and version; it does not prove that a visitor’s system is vulnerable or compromised.

Entry names, products, descriptions, required actions and links retain CISA’s language and values. Explanations are editorial. Entries may be added or corrected after this snapshot; consult the official source before an operational decision.

Entries
1769
Distinct vendor/project labels
291
Catalogue release date

Counters describe this snapshot only. They do not measure attack counts, vulnerability prevalence or an organisation’s risk. Distinct vendorProject labels are counted exactly as published, without merging aliases or treating them as distinct companies.

Unknown means CISA lacks confirmation of use in a ransomware campaign; it does not mean no exploitation. forensicTriage Yes/No is a separate field described by the schema with a reference to BOD 26-04. An absent field stays unreported. Neither No nor Unknown demonstrates that your asset has not been compromised.

dueDate is the deadline published in the CISA entry for the stated action. It is not a universal SLA, a patch release date or evidence that a patch was installed. The forensicTriage field alone cannot determine your obligations or define an investigation plan.

Six readings that prevent a misleading priority

Six readings that prevent a misleading priority
Published fieldUseful readingConclusion to avoid
cveIDJoin sources discussing the same vulnerability.The identifier year does not date KEV inclusion.
vendorProject · productFind the vendor advisory and local inventory.A product name does not replace affected versions and configurations.
dateAddedDate the entry’s inclusion in this catalogue.Do not call it discovery or first-exploitation date.
dueDate · requiredActionRead the published action and deadline together.Do not turn the date into a universal obligation or proof of remediation.
knownRansomwareCampaignUsePreserve Known, Unknown or an absent field.Unknown is not No and does not remove the known exploitation signal underlying KEV.
forensicTriage · cwesSeparate CISA’s indicator from published weakness classes.A CWE is not a specific product or score; No is not a certificate that no incident occurred.

Catalogue additions by year

Catalogue additions by yearEach bar counts entries retained in this snapshot by the year of dateAdded. It is not a discovery year or an exploitation frequency. The first year starts at this snapshot’s earliest entry and the release year is incomplete; these totals are not an annual attack trend.311202155520221872023186202424520252852026
Each bar counts entries retained in this snapshot by the year of dateAdded. It is not a discovery year or an exploitation frequency. The first year starts at this snapshot’s earliest entry and the release year is incomplete; these totals are not an annual attack trend.
Catalogue additions by year · dateAdded
Year addedEntries
2021311
2022555
2023187
2024186
2025245
2026285

Results : 555 / 1769 · Page 2 / 23

Explore the CISA KEV catalogue · 2026.11.06
CVEVendor or project · productDate added / Entry due dateUse in ransomware campaigns / forensicTriage
CVE-2020-3153

CWE-427

Cisco

AnyConnect Secure

Entry and action published by CISA

Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client for Windows Uncontrolled Search Path Vulnerability

Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client for Windows allows for incorrect handling of directory paths. An attacker with valid credentials on Windows would be able to copy malicious files to arbitrary locations with system level privileges. This could include DLL pre-loading, DLL hijacking, and other related attacks.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ac-win-path-traverse-qO4HWBsj; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3153

tools.cisco.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2020-3433

CWE-427

Cisco

AnyConnect Secure

Entry and action published by CISA

Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client for Windows DLL Hijacking Vulnerability

Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client for Windows interprocess communication (IPC) channel allows for insufficient validation of resources that are loaded by the application at run time. An attacker with valid credentials on Windows could execute code on the affected machine with SYSTEM privileges.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-anyconnect-dll-F26WwJW; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3433

tools.cisco.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2021-3493

CWE-862

Linux

Kernel

Entry and action published by CISA

Linux Kernel Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

The overlayfs stacking file system in Linux kernel does not properly validate the application of file capabilities against user namespaces, which could lead to privilege escalation.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=7c03e2cda4a584cadc398e8f6641ca9988a39d52; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3493

git.kernel.org ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2022-41352

CWE-22

Synacor

Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS)

Entry and action published by CISA

Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability

Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) allows an attacker to upload arbitrary files using cpio package to gain incorrect access to any other user accounts.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Security_Center; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41352

wiki.zimbra.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2022-40684

CWE-288

Fortinet

Multiple Products

Entry and action published by CISA

Fortinet Multiple Products Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

Fortinet FortiOS, FortiProxy, and FortiSwitchManager contain an authentication bypass vulnerability that could allow an unauthenticated attacker to perform operations on the administrative interface via specially crafted HTTP or HTTPS requests.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-22-377; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40684

www.fortiguard.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2022-41033

CWE-843

Microsoft

Windows COM+ Event System Service

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Windows COM+ Event System Service Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Microsoft Windows COM+ Event System Service contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows for privilege escalation.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2022-41033; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41033

msrc.microsoft.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2022-36804

CWE-78, CWE-88, CWE-158

Atlassian

Bitbucket Server and Data Center

Entry and action published by CISA

Atlassian Bitbucket Server and Data Center Command Injection Vulnerability

Multiple API endpoints of Atlassian Bitbucket Server and Data Center contain a command injection vulnerability where an attacker with access to a public Bitbucket repository, or with read permissions to a private one, can execute code by sending a malicious HTTP request.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/BSERV-13438; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36804

jira.atlassian.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2022-41040

CWE-918

Microsoft

Exchange Server

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Exchange Server Server-Side Request Forgery Vulnerability

Microsoft Exchange Server allows for server-side request forgery. Dubbed "ProxyNotShell," this vulnerability is chainable with CVE-2022-41082 which allows for remote code execution.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2022/09/29/customer-guidance-for-reported-zero-day-vulnerabilities-in-microsoft-exchange-server/; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41040

msrc-blog.microsoft.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2022-41082

CWE-502

Microsoft

Exchange Server

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Microsoft Exchange Server contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows for authenticated remote code execution. Dubbed "ProxyNotShell," this vulnerability is chainable with CVE-2022-41040 which allows for the remote code execution.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2022/09/29/customer-guidance-for-reported-zero-day-vulnerabilities-in-microsoft-exchange-server/; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41082

msrc-blog.microsoft.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2022-3236

CWE-94

Sophos

Firewall

Entry and action published by CISA

Sophos Firewall Code Injection Vulnerability

A code injection vulnerability in the User Portal and Webadmin of Sophos Firewall allows for remote code execution.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://www.sophos.com/en-us/security-advisories/sophos-sa-20220923-sfos-rce; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3236

www.sophos.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2022-35405

CWE-502

Zoho

ManageEngine

Entry and action published by CISA

Zoho ManageEngine Multiple Products Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Zoho ManageEngine PAM360, Password Manager Pro, and Access Manager Plus contain an unspecified vulnerability that allows for remote code execution.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://www.manageengine.com/products/passwordmanagerpro/advisory/cve-2022-35405.html; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35405

www.manageengine.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2010-2568

CWE-20

Microsoft

Windows

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Windows Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Microsoft Windows incorrectly parses shortcuts in such a way that malicious code may be executed when the operating system displays the icon of a malicious shortcut file. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could execute code as the logged-on user.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2010/ms10-046; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-2568

docs.microsoft.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2013-2094

CWE-189

Linux

Kernel

Entry and action published by CISA

Linux Kernel Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Linux kernel fails to check all 64 bits of attr.config passed by user space, resulting to out-of-bounds access of the perf_swevent_enabled array in sw_perf_event_destroy(). Explotation allows for privilege escalation.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=8176cced706b5e5d15887584150764894e94e02f; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-2094

git.kernel.org ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2013-2596

CWE-189

Linux

Kernel

Entry and action published by CISA

Linux Kernel Integer Overflow Vulnerability

Linux kernel fb_mmap function in drivers/video/fbmem.c contains an integer overflow vulnerability that allows for privilege escalation.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=fc9bbca8f650e5f738af8806317c0a041a48ae4a; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-2596

git.kernel.org ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2013-2597

CWE-119

Code Aurora

ACDB Audio Driver

Entry and action published by CISA

Code Aurora ACDB Audio Driver Stack-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

The Code Aurora audio calibration database (acdb) audio driver contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability that allows for privilege escalation. Code Aurora is used in third-party products such as Qualcomm and Android.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://web.archive.org/web/20161226013354/https:/www.codeaurora.org/news/security-advisories/stack-based-buffer-overflow-acdb-audio-driver-cve-2013-2597; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-2597

web.archive.org ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2013-6282

CWE-20

Linux

Kernel

Entry and action published by CISA

Linux Kernel Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

The get_user and put_user API functions of the Linux kernel fail to validate the target address when being used on ARM v6k/v7 platforms. This allows an application to read and write kernel memory which could lead to privilege escalation.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=8404663f81d212918ff85f493649a7991209fa04; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-6282

git.kernel.org ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2022-40139

CWE-353, CWE-641

Trend Micro

Apex One and Apex One as a Service

Entry and action published by CISA

Trend Micro Apex One and Apex One as a Service Improper Validation Vulnerability

Trend Micro Apex One and Apex One as a Service contain an improper validation of rollback mechanism components that could lead to remote code execution.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://success.trendmicro.com/dcx/s/solution/000291528?language=en_US; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40139

success.trendmicro.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2022-32917

CWE-20, CWE-787

Apple

iOS, iPadOS, and macOS

Entry and action published by CISA

Apple iOS, iPadOS, and macOS Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Apple kernel, which is included in iOS, iPadOS, and macOS, contains an unspecified vulnerability where an application may be able to execute code with kernel privileges.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213445, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213444; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32917

support.apple.com ↗

support.apple.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2022-37969

CWE-20, CWE-787

Microsoft

Windows

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) Driver Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Microsoft Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) driver contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows for privilege escalation.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2022-37969; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37969

msrc.microsoft.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2011-1823

CWE-189

Android

Android OS

Entry and action published by CISA

Android OS Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

The vold volume manager daemon in Android kernel trusts messages from a PF_NETLINK socket, which allows an attacker to execute code and gain root privileges. This vulnerability is associated with GingerBreak and Exploit.AndroidOS.Lotoor.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/vold/+/c51920c82463b240e2be0430849837d6fdc5352e; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-1823

android.googlesource.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2011-4723

CWE-310

D-Link

DIR-300 Router

Entry and action published by CISA

D-Link DIR-300 Router Cleartext Storage of a Password Vulnerability

The D-Link DIR-300 router stores cleartext passwords, which allows context-dependent attackers to obtain sensitive information.

requiredAction
The impacted product is end-of-life and should be disconnected if still in use.
notes
https://www.dlink.com/uk/en/support/product/dir-300-wireless-g-router; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-4723

www.dlink.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2017-5521

CWE-200

NETGEAR

Multiple Devices

Entry and action published by CISA

NETGEAR Multiple Devices Exposure of Sensitive Information Vulnerability

Multiple NETGEAR devices are prone to admin password disclosure via simple crafted requests to the web management server.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions. If the affected device has since entered end-of-life, it should be disconnected if still in use.
notes
https://kb.netgear.com/30632/Web-GUI-Password-Recovery-and-Exposure-Security-Vulnerability; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5521

kb.netgear.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2018-13374

CWE-732

Fortinet

FortiOS and FortiADC

Entry and action published by CISA

Fortinet FortiOS and FortiADC Improper Access Control Vulnerability

Fortinet FortiOS and FortiADC contain an improper access control vulnerability that allows attackers to obtain the LDAP server login credentials configured in FortiGate by pointing a LDAP server connectivity test request to a rogue LDAP server.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-18-157; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13374

www.fortiguard.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2018-2628

CWE-502

Oracle

WebLogic Server

Entry and action published by CISA

Oracle WebLogic Server Unspecified Vulnerability

Oracle WebLogic Server contains an unspecified vulnerability which can allow an unauthenticated attacker with T3 network access to compromise the server.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2018.html; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-2628

www.oracle.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2018-6530

CWE-78

D-Link

Multiple Routers

Entry and action published by CISA

D-Link Multiple Routers OS Command Injection Vulnerability

Multiple D-Link routers contain an unspecified vulnerability that allows for execution of OS commands.

requiredAction
The vendor D-Link published an advisory stating the fix under CVE-2018-20114 properly patches KEV entry CVE-2018-6530. If the device is still supported, apply updates per vendor instructions. If the affected device has since entered its end-of-life, it should be disconnected if still in use.
notes
https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10105; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6530

supportannouncement.us.dlink.com ↗

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No

An old identifier can enter the catalogue recently

CVE-2015-5477, associated with ISC BIND in this snapshot, has identifier year 2015 and dateAdded 8 October 2026. These dates answer different questions. The entry calls for following vendor instructions; it does not establish your BIND version, exposure or installation of a fix.

From a public signal to a documented decision

  1. Qualify the match

    Keep the CVE, source and date, then establish product, version, embedded component and exposure. An SBOM may locate a component without proving its runtime condition.

  2. Read the action at its source

    Open the vendor advisory and updates. Separate updating, mitigation, discontinuing a product and searching for compromise evidence; a patch does not replace these other decisions.

  3. Document the change

    Assign an owner, prepare rollback and verify dependencies. A mitigation remains a scoped measure with an explicit validity period.

  4. Verify the resulting state

    Retain an observed version, checked configuration and service test. Closing a task needs evidence concerning the actual asset, beyond a console status.

Source release : · Documentary review :

CISA KEV data reused under CC0 1.0. Reuse implies no CISA affiliation or endorsement and grants no right to use the CISA logo or DHS seal.

Reference details · CISA KEV

How we publish this official snapshot

The copy is identified by its catalogue version, dateReleased, official mirror commit and source-file digest. CISA publication, GitHub synchronisation and our review are distinct events. Aggregates are computed from the retained entries; no visitor inventory collection or vulnerability scan takes place.

catalogVersion
2026.11.06
dateReleased
GitHub commit
e5b3a9b25050a8da26c96266c5bfe438ee0bdebc ·
SHA-256
47e0406b2be5a40420eff66f3d90e83eb8883dae6ff4d08e1b2a942c366f6cc2

Counters describe this snapshot only. They do not measure attack counts, vulnerability prevalence or an organisation’s risk. Distinct vendorProject labels are counted exactly as published, without merging aliases or treating them as distinct companies.

Explore the catalogue and method →

Source release : · Documentary review :

CISA KEV data reused under CC0 1.0. Reuse implies no CISA affiliation or endorsement and grants no right to use the CISA logo or DHS seal.

Official references

References consulted: . The method and worksheet propose checks to adapt to your context; they do not constitute certification.