Resources · 23

Prioritize vulnerabilities and verify remediation

Connect known exploitation, exposed assets, business impact and proof of a working fix.

· 9 min

Fictional cyber observatory with three trays separating advisories, inventory and remediation evidence, without people

What this guide helps achieve

  • Match alerts to assets
  • Rank actual urgency
  • Roll out safely
  • Verify and close

Quick check

  • Is the affected product and version actually deployed?
  • Is the asset reachable and business critical?
  • Is exploitation documented?
  • What protects the service before a patch?
  • Does a check confirm the problem is gone from the asset?

Step-by-step method

  1. 01

    Consolidate the inventory

    Map services, products, versions, environments, exposure and owners. A component advisory alone does not prove that a vulnerable instance is deployed.

    Deliverable: dated affected-asset list and uncertainties.

  2. 02

    Qualify the finding

    Compare the vendor advisory, CVE identifier, exploitation conditions and, where relevant, CISA’s catalog of known exploited vulnerabilities. Record when each source was checked.

    Deliverable: finding with primary references.

  3. 03

    Set a defensible priority

    Consider known exploitation, asset reachability, required privileges, data handled, service impact and available remediation. Assign an owner and context-specific deadline.

    Deliverable: reasoned priority decision.

  4. 04

    Prepare the change

    Map dependencies, change window, backup and rollback. If an update cannot be applied promptly, record the temporary control and its expiry.

    Deliverable: rollout plan and limited exception.

  5. 05

    Deploy and test

    Apply the vendor fix or mitigation using the approved process. Check the resulting version, business journey and integrations that may regress.

    Deliverable: deployment record and functional result.

  6. 06

    Verify closure

    Check the actual asset with a suitable method, find missed instances and revisit exceptions. Do not close a ticket because an update was merely scheduled.

    Deliverable: verification evidence and updated register.

Management indicators

IndicatorWhat it measuresFirst action
CoverageCritical assets with known versions and ownersComplete the inventory
DelayTime from qualification to verified fixRemove repeated bottlenecks
VerificationFixes retested on real assetsReopen closures without evidence
ExceptionsWaivers with control, owner and expiryClose expired exceptions

Common pitfalls

  • Ranking solely by a generic score without checking the asset
  • Assuming a KEV listing means the product exists in your estate
  • Deploying without testing service behaviour
  • Leaving compensating controls without a review date

Frequently asked questions

Must the highest-scored CVE always go first?

A score describes technical severity; known exploitation, exposure and local service impact guide your operational order.

What if no patch exists?

Follow vendor mitigations, reduce exposure where possible and document an owner, review date and residual risk.

When is the work closed?

After the version or mitigation has been verified on affected instances and critical functionality has been tested.

References: data, uses and limitations

Documentation reviewed on .

Vulnerability: three complementary viewsCVE · Identify. CVSS · Technical severity. EPSS · Probability. KEV · Known exploitation. Affected version and product. Score from 0.0 to 10.0. 30-day horizon. Official CISA catalogue. Local decision: exposure, impact, evidence and remediation checks.Vulnerability: three complementary viewsCVE · IdentifyAffected version and productCVSS · Technical severityScore from 0.0 to 10.0EPSS · Probability30-day horizonKEV · Known exploitationOfficial CISA catalogueLocal decision: exposure, impact, evidence and remediation checks
Vulnerability: three complementary views
References: data, uses and limitations
Source and purposeVerified data or benchmarkHow to use itLimitation to retain
FIRST · CVSS

Describe technical vulnerability severity using an explicit method and vector.

CVSS 4.0 scores run from 0.0 to 10.0. Base, Threat, Environmental and Supplemental metric groups serve different purposes. Retain the score version, vector and date. Compare it with the installed version, access paths and business consequences before ordering remediation.

Explore the method →

A high score is not evidence of exploitation; a low score does not mean a service has no risk.
FIRST · EPSS

Estimate exploitation probability for a published CVE.

The model looks ahead 30 days. Its score is a probability; its percentile ranks that score relative to other CVEs. Record the data date and distinguish probability from percentile. Add asset exposure and confirmed exploitation evidence.

Explore the method →

The model does not predict harm to your organisation. Low probability does not cancel a critical exposure.
CISA · Known Exploited Vulnerabilities

Identify vulnerabilities listed by CISA as known to be exploited.

The catalogue includes CVE, product, date added and required action. Its official repository also provides the data schema. Check applicability to your products and retain the access date. Review the requested action and vendor advisory before confirming remediation.

Explore the method →

Absence from the catalogue does not establish safety. Administrative deadlines in it are not automatically binding on every organisation.

CVSS, EPSS, KEV and VEX

Vulnerability prioritisation: four signals to connect to the asset

A vulnerability queue often mixes information answering different questions. CVSS describes technical severity, EPSS estimates a probability of observed exploitation, KEV records known exploitation and VEX carries a product applicability assertion. A local decision still needs the deployed version, access paths and consequences of exploitation.

These are documentary reference points. EPSS examples, situations and the VEX product are fictional; no current CVE score, real inventory or scan result is presented. This page calculates neither CVSS, organisational risk nor an automatic priority. Proposed evidence and decisions are a local editorial method.

Four distinct signals for a local decision
Four distinct signals for a local decision Four independent panels: CVSS describes severity; EPSS estimates observed exploitation within thirty days; KEV records known exploitation; VEX states declared applicability. Compare them with the deployed product and its context without adding them into one score. CVSS · Severity Metrics and vector Version and author EPSS · Probability Thirty-day horizon Separate date and rank KEV · Known exploitation Product and requested action Catalogue edition VEX · Applicability Issuer, product and time Status and justification Local decision: deployed asset, exposure, consequences, owner and evidence.

Four independent panels: CVSS describes severity; EPSS estimates observed exploitation within thirty days; KEV records known exploitation; VEX states declared applicability. Compare them with the deployed product and its context without adding them into one score.

Four questions and four kinds of information

Four questions and four kinds of information
SourceUseful questionWhat it cannot establish alone
CVSS 4.0What is the technical severity under the assessed metrics?The score proves neither exploitation nor consequences for your service.
EPSSWhat is the estimated probability of observing exploitation of this CVE in the next thirty days?It does not describe compromise of your instance, its controls or business loss.
CISA KEVIs the vulnerability listed as known to be exploited?Listing does not establish that the product exists in your estate; absence does not establish safety.
VEXWhat does an issuer assert about a vulnerability for identified products at a stated time?An assertion alone proves neither deployment of the relevant version nor issuer trustworthiness.

CVSS 4.0: preserve groups, vector and assessment author

A number from 0 to 10 loses meaning when its version, vector and assessed groups disappear. FIRST distinguishes CVSS-B, CVSS-BT, CVSS-BE and CVSS-BTE. Undefined Threat and Environmental metrics take default values rather than disappearing from the calculation.

CVSS 4.0: preserve groups, vector and assessment author
GroupRoleReading check
BaseIntrinsic vulnerability characteristics.A supplier’s CVSS-B is not your priority decision.
ThreatThreat characteristics that can change over time.Date the assessment and explain exploitation information used.
EnvironmentalCharacteristics specific to the consumer’s environment.State the controls and system importance considered rather than silently changing a score.
SupplementalAdditional context, such as Safety or Recovery.These metrics do not modify the final CVSS score; they may inform a separate local analysis.

EPSS: probability, percentile and missing data

FIRST describes a probability from 0 to 1, updated daily, over a thirty-day horizon. The percentile is a relative rank among currently scored vulnerabilities. Do not add probability and percentile or turn their pair into the probability of an attack on your organisation.

EPSS: probability, percentile and missing data
Fictional exampleProvided valuesCorrect reading
A probabilityProbability : 0.05 · Percentile : Unspecified0.05 means a 5% estimated probability of observed exploitation within the model horizon, rather than an estate compromise rate.
Probability and rankProbability : 0.02 · Percentile : 0.97In this fictional example 0.02 means 2%, while 0.97 places the score at the 97th percentile. The rank does not turn a 2% probability into 97%.
No received valueProbability : Unspecified · Percentile : UnspecifiedMissing data remains unknown; it is neither zero nor evidence of no exploitation. Record the failure or the date of the last available value.

Seven useful readings of the KEV schema

The official CISA repository schema describes the catalogue and its entries. The following selection helps retain consultation context rather than enumerate every field. Match each entry to the supplier advisory and actual asset.

Seven useful readings of the KEV schema
FieldsMeaningProposed check
catalogVersion / dateReleasedCatalogue version and publication time.Keep a reference to the consulted edition; distinguish publication time from your assessment time.
cveID / vendorProject / productIdentifier and product associated with the entry.Match name, version, distribution and embedded components before declaring an asset affected.
dateAddedDate the vulnerability entered the catalogue.Do not present it as the first exploitation date or CVE publication date.
requiredActionRequested action to address the vulnerability.Read the complete instruction and supplier references, then document local implementation.
dueDateCatalogue deadline for the requested action.Check the context and scope of the CISA instruction before adopting it as a local deadline.
knownRansomwareCampaignUseKnown indicates confirmed ransomware campaign use; Unknown means CISA lacks confirmation.Do not translate Unknown into never used or a definite false value.
cwesWeakness category codes associated with the entry.Use categories to group causes; they do not replace the CVE identifier or affected version.

Six fictional situations: what is missing before a decision?

High severity, product not located

An advisory reports high severity; the inventory cannot locate that version in the estate.

Confirm presence and version with the owner, including embedded dependencies.

Retain applicability unknown. Absence from an incomplete inventory does not justify closure.

Known exploitation, exposed instance

The vulnerability is listed as known to be exploited and an owner confirms an affected internet-accessible instance.

Review supplier actions and arrange exposure reduction and remediation suited to the service.

Name the owner, interim control and expected verification evidence; a severity score alone supplies none of this traceability.

Low probability, essential service

The fictional EPSS probability is low, but the affected instance supports an essential service.

Assess consequences and access paths before agreeing a change window.

Do not treat a low score as insurance; that instance’s controls are not contextual inputs to EPSS.

VEX for another version

The supplier declares version 2.4.0 not affected; the asset still runs 2.3.0.

Seek an assertion applicable to the installed version and verify its provenance.

Do not extend a conclusion across versions. A VEX document deploys no update.

Temporary control becomes permanent

A temporary rule reduces access; its review date has passed.

Check that it still protects the relevant path, then decide whether to maintain it or apply the fix.

Keep the owner, limits and a new review date. A perimeter control is not automatically an OpenVEX built-in product mitigation.

Patch announced, deployment unverified

A fixed release is available, but the ticket contains only a download link.

Check the version actually deployed, remaining instances and critical functionality.

Close on implementation and verification evidence, rather than the supplier’s availability of a patch.

Eight records for a traceable remediation decision

  • Product, version or build, environment and asset owner.
  • Vulnerability identifier, supplier advisory and relevant exploitation conditions.
  • CVSS version, vector, metric-group nomenclature and assessment author.
  • EPSS date, probability and percentile in separate fields, or an explicit missing value.
  • Dated KEV status, requested action and consulted catalogue edition.
  • Applicable VEX assertion: issuer, product, version, time and any justification.
  • Reasoned local decision, interim control, owner and review date.
  • Deployment or mitigation evidence, verification result and remaining limits.

Read VEX statuses and applicability conditions →

Primary sources and scope

Sources checked on

Build signatures and provenance

Verify patch origin and then its application

A fixed version needs connecting to the received package and updated instance. Provenance verification helps establish expected origin; remediation confirmation still requires checking the active version and relevant behaviour.

  • Keep the accepted patch digest and signature/provenance verification results.
  • Match that package to the version actually deployed on each targeted instance.
  • Do not close on authenticity alone: document remediation checks, regressions and remaining limits.

Read the pre-deployment provenance reference →

Sources checked on · SLSA 1.2 · Build: Verifying artifacts · SLSA 1.2 · Build: Provenance · SLSA 1.2 · Build: Track Basics · in-toto · Statement v1 · Sigstore · Verifying Signatures

Explore the CISA KEV catalogue

KEV is CISA’s catalogue of vulnerabilities known to be exploited. This explorer contains a complete dated snapshot, not a live feed. A CVE or product-name match is a lead to compare with the exact deployed product and version; it does not prove that a visitor’s system is vulnerable or compromised.

Entry names, products, descriptions, required actions and links retain CISA’s language and values. Explanations are editorial. Entries may be added or corrected after this snapshot; consult the official source before an operational decision.

Entries
1769
Distinct vendor/project labels
291
Catalogue release date

Counters describe this snapshot only. They do not measure attack counts, vulnerability prevalence or an organisation’s risk. Distinct vendorProject labels are counted exactly as published, without merging aliases or treating them as distinct companies.

Unknown means CISA lacks confirmation of use in a ransomware campaign; it does not mean no exploitation. forensicTriage Yes/No is a separate field described by the schema with a reference to BOD 26-04. An absent field stays unreported. Neither No nor Unknown demonstrates that your asset has not been compromised.

dueDate is the deadline published in the CISA entry for the stated action. It is not a universal SLA, a patch release date or evidence that a patch was installed. The forensicTriage field alone cannot determine your obligations or define an investigation plan.

Six readings that prevent a misleading priority

Six readings that prevent a misleading priority
Published fieldUseful readingConclusion to avoid
cveIDJoin sources discussing the same vulnerability.The identifier year does not date KEV inclusion.
vendorProject · productFind the vendor advisory and local inventory.A product name does not replace affected versions and configurations.
dateAddedDate the entry’s inclusion in this catalogue.Do not call it discovery or first-exploitation date.
dueDate · requiredActionRead the published action and deadline together.Do not turn the date into a universal obligation or proof of remediation.
knownRansomwareCampaignUsePreserve Known, Unknown or an absent field.Unknown is not No and does not remove the known exploitation signal underlying KEV.
forensicTriage · cwesSeparate CISA’s indicator from published weakness classes.A CWE is not a specific product or score; No is not a certificate that no incident occurred.

Catalogue additions by year

Catalogue additions by yearEach bar counts entries retained in this snapshot by the year of dateAdded. It is not a discovery year or an exploitation frequency. The first year starts at this snapshot’s earliest entry and the release year is incomplete; these totals are not an annual attack trend.311202155520221872023186202424520252852026
Each bar counts entries retained in this snapshot by the year of dateAdded. It is not a discovery year or an exploitation frequency. The first year starts at this snapshot’s earliest entry and the release year is incomplete; these totals are not an annual attack trend.
Catalogue additions by year · dateAdded
Year addedEntries
2021311
2022555
2023187
2024186
2025245
2026285

Results : 311 / 1769 · Page 2 / 13

Explore the CISA KEV catalogue · 2026.11.06
CVEVendor or project · productDate added / Entry due dateUse in ransomware campaigns / forensicTriage
CVE-2012-0158

CWE-94

Microsoft

MSCOMCTL.OCX

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft MSCOMCTL.OCX Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Microsoft MSCOMCTL.OCX contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows for remote code execution, allowing an attacker to take complete control of an affected system under the context of the current user.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0158

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2012-3152

Oracle

Fusion Middleware

Entry and action published by CISA

Oracle Fusion Middleware Unspecified Vulnerability

Oracle Fusion Middleware Reports Developer contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity of affected systems.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-3152

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2014-1812

CWE-255

Microsoft

Windows

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Windows Group Policy Preferences Password Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Microsoft Windows Active Directory contains a privilege escalation vulnerability due to the way it distributes passwords that are configured using Group Policy preferences. An authenticated attacker who successfully exploits the vulnerability could decrypt the passwords and use them to elevate privileges on the domain.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-1812

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2015-1641

CWE-399

Microsoft

Office

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability

Microsoft Office contains a memory corruption vulnerability due to failure to properly handle rich text format files in memory. Successful exploitation allows for remote code execution in the context of the current user.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-1641

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2015-4852

CWE-502

Oracle

WebLogic Server

Entry and action published by CISA

Oracle WebLogic Server Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability

Oracle WebLogic Server contains a deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability within Apache Commons, which can allow for for remote code execution.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-4852

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2016-0167

CWE-264

Microsoft

Win32k

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Win32k Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Microsoft Win32k contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows for privilege escalation via a crafted application

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-0167

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2016-0185

CWE-20

Microsoft

Windows

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Windows Media Center Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Microsoft Windows Media Center contains a remote code execution vulnerability when Windows Media Center opens a specially crafted Media Center link (.mcl) file that references malicious code.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-0185

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2016-3235

CWE-264

Microsoft

Office

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Office OLE DLL Side Loading Vulnerability

Microsoft Office Object Linking & Embedding (OLE) dynamic link library (DLL) contains a side loading vulnerability due to it improperly validating input before loading libraries. Successful exploitation allows for remote code execution.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3235

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2016-3643

CWE-264

SolarWinds

Virtualization Manager

Entry and action published by CISA

SolarWinds Virtualization Manager Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

SolarWinds Virtualization Manager allows for privilege escalation through leveraging a misconfiguration of sudo.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3643

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2016-3715

CWE-284

ImageMagick

ImageMagick

Entry and action published by CISA

ImageMagick Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability

ImageMagick contains an unspecified vulnerability that could allow users to delete files by using ImageMagick's 'ephemeral' pseudo protocol, which deletes files after reading.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3715

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2016-3718

CWE-20

ImageMagick

ImageMagick

Entry and action published by CISA

ImageMagick Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Vulnerability

ImageMagick contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows attackers to perform server-side request forgery (SSRF) via a crafted image.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3718

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2016-3976

CWE-22

SAP

NetWeaver

Entry and action published by CISA

SAP NetWeaver Directory Traversal Vulnerability

SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java Platforms contains a directory traversal vulnerability via a ..\ (dot dot backslash) in the fileName parameter to CrashFileDownloadServlet. This allows remote attackers to read files.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3976

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2016-4437

CWE-284

Apache

Shiro

Entry and action published by CISA

Apache Shiro Code Execution Vulnerability

Apache Shiro contains a vulnerability which may allow remote attackers to execute code or bypass intended access restrictions via an unspecified request parameter when a cipher key has not been configured for the "remember me" feature.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4437

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2016-7255

CWE-264

Microsoft

Win32k

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Win32k Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Microsoft Win32k kernel-mode driver fails to properly handle objects in memory which allows for privilege escalation. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to run code in kernel mode.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-7255

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2016-9563

CWE-611

SAP

NetWeaver

Entry and action published by CISA

SAP NetWeaver XML External Entity (XXE) Vulnerability

SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java Platforms contains an unspecified vulnerability in BC-BMT-BPM-DSK which allows remote, authenticated users to conduct XML External Entity (XXE) attacks.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-9563

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2017-0143

CWE-20

Microsoft

Windows

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Windows Server Message Block (SMBv1) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Microsoft Windows Server Message Block 1.0 (SMBv1) contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows for remote code execution.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-0143

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2017-0199

Microsoft

Office and WordPad

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Office and WordPad Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Microsoft Office and WordPad contain an unspecified vulnerability due to the way the applications parse specially crafted files. Successful exploitation allows for remote code execution.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-0199

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2017-11774

CWE-119

Microsoft

Office

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Office Outlook Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability

Microsoft Office Outlook contains a security feature bypass vulnerability due to improperly handling objects in memory. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to execute commands.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-11774

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2017-11882

CWE-119

Microsoft

Office

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Office Memory Corruption Vulnerability

Microsoft Office contains a memory corruption vulnerability that allows remote code execution in the context of the current user.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-11882

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2017-16651

CWE-552

Roundcube

Roundcube Webmail

Entry and action published by CISA

Roundcube Webmail File Disclosure Vulnerability

Roundcube Webmail contains a file disclosure vulnerability caused by insufficient input validation in conjunction with file-based attachment plugins, which are used by default.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16651

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2017-5638

CWE-20

Apache

Struts

Entry and action published by CISA

Apache Struts Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Apache Struts Jakarta Multipart parser allows for malicious file upload using the Content-Type value, leading to remote code execution.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5638

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Known
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2017-6327

CWE-20

Symantec

Symantec Messaging Gateway

Entry and action published by CISA

Symantec Messaging Gateway Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Symantec Messaging Gateway contains an unspecified vulnerability which can allow for remote code execution. With the ability to perform remote code execution, an attacker may also desire to perform privilege escalating actions.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6327

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2017-7269

CWE-119

Microsoft

Internet Information Services (IIS)

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft Windows Server Buffer Overflow Vulnerability

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability in Internet Information Services (IIS) 6.0 which allows remote attackers to execute code via a long header beginning with "If: <http://" in a PROPFIND request.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-7269

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2017-8759

CWE-20

Microsoft

.NET Framework

Entry and action published by CISA

Microsoft .NET Framework Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Microsoft .NET Framework contains a remote code execution vulnerability when processing untrusted input that could allow an attacker to take control of an affected system.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8759

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No
CVE-2017-9248

CWE-522

Progress

ASP.NET AJAX and Sitefinity

Entry and action published by CISA

Progress Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX and Sitefinity Cryptographic Weakness Vulnerability

Progress Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX and Sitefinity have a cryptographic weakness in Telerik.Web.UI.dll that can be exploited to disclose encryption keys (Telerik.Web.UI.DialogParametersEncryptionKey and/or the MachineKey), perform cross-site-scripting (XSS) attacks, compromise the ASP.NET ViewState, and/or upload and download files.

requiredAction
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
notes
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9248

nvd.nist.gov ↗

dateAdded
dueDate
knownRansomwareCampaignUse
Unknown
forensicTriage
No

An old identifier can enter the catalogue recently

CVE-2015-5477, associated with ISC BIND in this snapshot, has identifier year 2015 and dateAdded 8 October 2026. These dates answer different questions. The entry calls for following vendor instructions; it does not establish your BIND version, exposure or installation of a fix.

From a public signal to a documented decision

  1. Qualify the match

    Keep the CVE, source and date, then establish product, version, embedded component and exposure. An SBOM may locate a component without proving its runtime condition.

  2. Read the action at its source

    Open the vendor advisory and updates. Separate updating, mitigation, discontinuing a product and searching for compromise evidence; a patch does not replace these other decisions.

  3. Document the change

    Assign an owner, prepare rollback and verify dependencies. A mitigation remains a scoped measure with an explicit validity period.

  4. Verify the resulting state

    Retain an observed version, checked configuration and service test. Closing a task needs evidence concerning the actual asset, beyond a console status.

Source release : · Documentary review :

CISA KEV data reused under CC0 1.0. Reuse implies no CISA affiliation or endorsement and grants no right to use the CISA logo or DHS seal.

Reference details · CISA KEV

How we publish this official snapshot

The copy is identified by its catalogue version, dateReleased, official mirror commit and source-file digest. CISA publication, GitHub synchronisation and our review are distinct events. Aggregates are computed from the retained entries; no visitor inventory collection or vulnerability scan takes place.

catalogVersion
2026.11.06
dateReleased
GitHub commit
e5b3a9b25050a8da26c96266c5bfe438ee0bdebc ·
SHA-256
47e0406b2be5a40420eff66f3d90e83eb8883dae6ff4d08e1b2a942c366f6cc2

Counters describe this snapshot only. They do not measure attack counts, vulnerability prevalence or an organisation’s risk. Distinct vendorProject labels are counted exactly as published, without merging aliases or treating them as distinct companies.

Explore the catalogue and method →

Source release : · Documentary review :

CISA KEV data reused under CC0 1.0. Reuse implies no CISA affiliation or endorsement and grants no right to use the CISA logo or DHS seal.

Official references

References consulted: . The method and worksheet propose checks to adapt to your context; they do not constitute certification.