EUInstituições
Europol · Cybercrime
Law enforcement cooperation and cybercrime publications.
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Um mundo de conhecimento.
Instituições públicas, equipas de resposta, empresas e investigação. Encontre recursos para o seu país e os seus desafios.
Distribuição dos perfis FIRST · 883
Perfis no instantâneo : 883 ·
- Government, Private and Public sectors
252 / 883 252 - Other commercial
207 / 883 207 - Industrial sector
95 / 883 95 - Financial sector
94 / 883 94 - ICT vendor customer base
57 / 883 57 - Setor não indicado
50 / 883 50 - Government & military
46 / 883 46 - Research & education
45 / 883 45 - ISP customer base
37 / 883 37
O país e o setor não determinam o âmbito de intervenção. Confirme as condições no perfil oficial. FIRST ↗
CEInstituições
CERT Polska
Security reports and incident response in Poland.
JPInstituições
JPCERT/CC
Coordination, alerts and technical analysis in Japan.
FIComunidades e normas
FIRST
International network of incident response teams.
MIInvestigação e formação
MITRE ATT&CK
Public knowledge base of documented adversary tactics and techniques.
Informação documental
- Dado ou referência verificada
- ATT&CK is a knowledge base grounded in observations. Its domains include Enterprise, Mobile and ICS.
- Como utilizar
- Connect a technique with a trace and detection hypothesis. Distinguish having a log source from actually testing detection.
- Limite a preservar
- A shared technique cannot establish actor attribution. Technique coverage counts do not fully measure security.
Documentação consultada em
GOSetor privado
Google Threat Intelligence
Threat intelligence research publications.
UNSetor privado
Unit 42 · Palo Alto Networks
Threat research and technical reports.
CISetor privado
Cisco Talos
Threat analysis and research publications.
BEComunidades e normas
Bellingcat
Open-source verification methods and resources.
FIComunidades e normas
FIRST · EPSS
Vulnerability exploitation probability model. Compare with technical severity, local exposure and business impact.
Informação documental
- Dado ou referência verificada
- The model looks ahead 30 days. Its score is a probability; its percentile ranks that score relative to other CVEs.
- Como utilizar
- Record the data date and distinguish probability from percentile. Add asset exposure and confirmed exploitation evidence.
- Limite a preservar
- The model does not predict harm to your organisation. Low probability does not cancel a critical exposure.
Documentação consultada em
CVSS, EPSS, KEV e VEX
What is the estimated probability of observing exploitation of this CVE in the next thirty days?
It does not describe compromise of your instance, its controls or business loss.
Read the CVSS, EPSS, KEV and VEX reference →
Primary sources and scope
- FIRST · EPSS Frequently Asked Questions · Living FAQ · reviewed 2026-10-22
What is EPSS? · Reading the score · Percentile · Score changes
Sources checked on
FIComunidades e normas
FIRST · Traffic Light Protocol
Security information-sharing designations set by the source. Check their meaning before redistribution.
Informação documental
- Dado ou referência verificada
- TLP 2.0 uses RED, AMBER, GREEN and CLEAR; AMBER+STRICT restricts sharing to the recipient organisation. Labels must not be translated.
- Como utilizar
- Keep the marking with the information and check recipients before forwarding. Ask the source to clarify any ambiguity.
- Limite a preservar
- TLP is neither a formal classification nor a reuse licence. It does not guarantee content accuracy.
Documentação consultada em
Indicadores STIX e partilha TLP
A traceable note does not by itself grant permission to redistribute it. TLP markings, additional restrictions and intended recipients must accompany a redaction or publication decision.
TLP describes a sharing scope; it certifies neither accuracy, official classification nor a usage licence. Encryption and retention rules need separate definition. Obtain explicit source permission before widening the received scope.
Read the STIX, observations and TLP sharing reference →
References and verification scope
- FIRST · Traffic Light Protocol 2.0 · TLP 2.0 · 2022-08
§1, §2, §3 · TLP:AMBER+STRICT
Sources checked on
ICComunidades e normas
ICANN · Registration Data Lookup
Domain registration data lookup. Redacted data or a technical provider alone cannot establish control by an entity.
Informação documental
- Dado ou referência verificada
- RDAP is the registration data access protocol. ICANN Lookup provides access to available public registration data.
- Como utilizar
- Keep the exact domain, consultation date and result. Distinguish registrar, technical service and the entity operating a website.
- Limite a preservar
- Data may be redacted or limited. Domain information alone cannot attribute content or an operation to a person.
Documentação consultada em
OAComunidades e normas
OASIS · STIX 2.1
Describe threat intelligence through structured objects and relationships.
Informação documental
- Dado ou referência verificada
- STIX 2.1 is an OASIS Standard dated 10 June 2021. It defines objects, properties and JSON serialisation.
- Como utilizar
- Keep identifiers, dates, provenance and relationships. Check that the recipient interprets the same object type and validity period.
- Limite a preservar
- A syntactically valid object can still be stale, misattributed or weakly supported.
Documentação consultada em
Indicadores STIX e partilha TLP
Structured intelligence retains provenance and a version history. For an actionable OSINT note, separate collected facts, the producer’s assertion and the local conclusion, then state what still needs confirmation.
Version note: at review time the OASIS latest-stage URL points to a document dated 2 April 2025 titled STIX 2.1 Errata 01, incorporating Draft 01. Its draft errata status is retained in the citation; it is not presented as a newly approved final version. Agree marking encodings with the recipient and check the edition actually used.
Read the STIX, observations and TLP sharing reference →
References and verification scope
- OASIS · STIX 2.1 · OASIS Standard · 2021-06-10
§3.2, §3.6, §4.7, §4.14, §5.2, §7.2 - OASIS · STIX 2.1 Errata 01 · Draft 01 · 2025-04-02 · OASIS Standard incorporating Draft 01 of Errata 01
Status / Citation format · draft status identified separately
Sources checked on
OAComunidades e normas
OASIS · TAXII 2.1
Exchange threat intelligence through an application protocol.
Informação documental
- Dado ou referência verificada
- TAXII 2.1 is an OASIS Standard dated 10 June 2021. It includes service discovery and access to collections.
- Como utilizar
- Test authentication, collection permissions, pagination and recovery after interruption. Record which objects were actually received and processed.
- Limite a preservar
- TAXII transports data; it replaces neither the content model nor assessment of reliability.
Documentação consultada em
C2Comunidades e normas
C2PA · Content Credentials
Describe and verify certain content provenance information.
Informação documental
- Dado ou referência verificada
- C2PA specification 2.4 defines manifests, assertions and cryptographic binding mechanisms associated with media.
- Como utilizar
- Examine what the manifest asserts, who signed it and whether validation succeeds. Test preservation after transformations and distribution.
- Limite a preservar
- Validated provenance does not establish the truth of a scene. Absence of a manifest does not demonstrate a fake.
Documentação consultada em
Proveniência dos media e validação C2PA
A provenance report combines findings with different scopes. Signature, credential trust, content binding and scene context are separate assurances. Retain the exact asset and full report before summarising a result.
This JSON-LD representation is a derived view of C2PA data for reporting and interoperability. It is not independently verifiable or a validation input format.
- C2PA · Content Credentials Technical Specification 2.4 · 2.4 · April 2026
- C2PA · Content Credentials Explainer · 2.4
- C2PA · Security Considerations · 2.4
Open the C2PA explorer and publication cases →
References consulted on